Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

On-Chip Squeezed-State Generation via Dual-Pumped Four-Wave Mixing

Yun Zhao, Yoshitomo Okawachi, Jae K. Jang, Xingchen Ji, Michal F. Lipson, Alexander L. Gaeta

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate on-chip generation of quadrature squeezed light with a loss-corrected squeezing level of 3.1 dB. This technology provides a light source solution for photonics based large-scale continuous-variable quantum information processing.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.ftu3c.2

Related papers

Wafer-Scale Squeezed-Light Chips

Shuai Liu, Kailu Zhou, Yuheng Zhang +4 more

Squeezed-light generation in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is essential for scalable continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing. By suppressing quantum fluctuations below the shot-noise limit, squeezed states enable quantum-enhanced sensing and serve as a standard resource for CV quantum information processing. While chip-level squeezed-light sources have been demonstrated, extending this capability to the wafer level with reproducible strong squeezing to bolster large-scale quantum-enhanced sensing and information processing has been hindered by squeezed light's extreme susceptibility to device imperfections. Here, we report wafer-scale fabrication, generation, and characterization of two-mode squeezed-vacuum states on a fully complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$) PIC platform. Across a 4-inch wafer, 8 dies yield 2.9-3.1 dB directly measured quadrature squeezing with $< 0.2$ dB variation, demonstrating excellent uniformity. This performance is enabled by co-integrating ultralow-loss, strongly overcoupled high-$Q$ microresonators, cascaded pump-rejection filters, and low-loss inverse-tapered edge couplers. The measurements agree with a first-principles theoretical model parameterized solely by independently extracted device parameters and experimental settings. The measured squeezing level can be further improved by enhancing the efficiencies of off-chip detection and chip-to-fiber coupling. These results establish a reproducible, wafer-scale route to nonclassical-light generation in integrated photonics and lay the groundwork for scalable CV processors, multiplexed entanglement sources, and quantum-enhanced sensing.

arXiv:2509.10445•Sep 12, 2025•1 citation

Near-Degenerate Quadrature-Squeezed Vacuum Generation on a Silicon-Nitride Chip

Yun Zhao, Yoshitomo Okawachi, Jae K. Jang +3 more

Squeezed states are a primary resource for continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing. To implement CV protocols in a scalable and robust way, it is desirable to generate and manipulate squeezed states using an integrated photonics platform. In this Letter, we demonstrate the generation of quadrature-phase squeezed states in the radio-frequency carrier sideband using a small-footprint silicon-nitride microresonator with a dual-pumped four-wave-mixing process. We record a squeezed noise level of 1.34 dB (±0.16 dB) below the photocurrent shot noise, which corresponds to 3.09 dB (±0.49 dB) of quadrature squeezing on chip. We also show that it is critical to account for the nonlinear behavior of the pump fields to properly predict the squeezing that can be generated in this system. This technology represents a significant step toward creating and manipulating large-scale CV cluster states that can be used for quantum information applications, including universal quantum computing.

arXiv:2002.01082•Physical Review Letters•May 12, 2020•188 citations

Quadrature squeezing in a nanophotonic microresonator

Alexander E. Ulanov, Bastian Ruhnke, Thibault Wildi +1 more

Squeezed states of light are essential for emerging quantum technology in metrology and information processing. Chip-integrated photonics offers a route to scalable and efficient squeezed light generation, however, parasitic nonlinear processes and optical losses remain significant challenges. Here, we demonstrate single-mode quadrature squeezing in a photonic crystal microresonator via degenerate dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing. Implemented in a scalable, low-loss silicon-nitride photonic-chip platform, the microresonator features a tailored nano-corrugation that modifies its resonances to suppress parasitic nonlinear processes. In this way, we achieve an estimated 7.8 dB of on-chip squeezing in the bus waveguide, with potential for further improvement. These results open a promising pathway toward integrated squeezed light sources for quantum-enhanced interferometry, Gaussian boson sampling, coherent Ising machines, and universal quantum computing.

arXiv:2502.17337•Jan 1, 2025•1 citation

Nanophotonic source of quadrature squeezing via self-phase modulation

Robert Čerňanský, Alberto Politi

Squeezed light is optical beams with variance below the shot noise level. They are a key resource for quantum technologies based on photons, and they can be used to achieve better precision measurements and improve security in quantum key distribution channels and as a fundamental resource for quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate an integrated source of squeezing based on four-wave mixing that requires a single laser pump, measuring 0.45 dB of broadband quadrature squeezing at high frequencies. We identify and verify that the current results are limited by excess noise produced in the chip and propose ways to reduce it. Calculations suggest that an improvement in the optical properties of the chip achievable with existing technology can develop scalable quantum technologies based on light.

APL Photonics•Oct 1, 2020•31 citations

Quadrature squeezing in a nanophotonic microresonator

Alexander E. Ulanov, Bastian Ruhnke, Thibault Wildi +1 more

Squeezed states of light are essential for emerging quantum technology in metrology and information processing. Chip-integrated photonics offers a route to scalable and efficient squeezed light generation, however, parasitic nonlinear processes and optical losses remain significant challenges. Here, we demonstrate single-mode quadrature squeezing in a photonic crystal microresonator via degenerate dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing. Implemented in a scalable, low-loss silicon-nitride photonic-chip platform, the microresonator features a tailored nano-corrugation that modifies its resonances to suppress parasitic nonlinear processes. In this way, we achieve an estimated 7.8 dB of on-chip squeezing in the bus waveguide, with potential for further improvement. These results open a promising pathway toward integrated squeezed light sources for quantum-enhanced interferometry, Gaussian boson sampling, coherent Ising machines, and universal quantum computing.

Nature Communications•Nov 28, 2025•17 citations

Nanophotonic source of broadband quadrature squeezing

Robert Čerňanský, Alberto Politi

Squeezed light are optical beams with variance below the Shot Noise Level. They are a key resource for quantum technologies based on photons, they can be used to achieve better precision measurements, improve security in quantum key distribution channels and as a fundamental resource for quantum computation. To date, the majority of experiments based on squeezed light have been based on non-linear crystals and discrete optical components, as the integration of quadrature squeezed states of light in a nanofabrication-friendly material is a challenging technological task. Here we measure 0.45 dB of GHz-broad quadrature squeezing produced by a ring resonator integrated on a Silicon Nitride photonic chip that we fabricated with CMOS compatible steps. The result corrected for the off-chip losses is estimated to be 1 dB below the Shot Noise Level. We identify and verify that the current results are limited by excess noise produced in the chip, and propose ways to reduce it. Calculations suggest that an improvement in the optical properties of the chip achievable with existing technology can develop scalable quantum technologies based on light.

arXiv:1904.07283•Apr 15, 2019•2 citations
Squeezed-light generation in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is essential for scalable continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing. By suppressing quantum fluctuations below the shot-noise limit, squeezed states enable quantum-enhanced sensing and serve as a standard resource for CV quantum information processing. While chip-level squeezed-light sources have been demonstrated, extending this capability to the wafer level with reproducible strong squeezing to bolster large-scale quantum-enhanced sensing and information processing has been hindered by squeezed light's extreme susceptibility to device imperfections. Here, we report wafer-scale fabrication, generation, and characterization of two-mode squeezed-vacuum states on a fully complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible silicon nitride (Si3_33​N4_44​) PIC platform. Across a 4-inch wafer, 8 dies yield 2.9-3.1 dB directly measured quadrature squeezing with <0.2< 0.2<0.2 dB variation, demonstrating excellent uniformity. This performance is enabled by co-integrating ultralow-loss, strongly overcoupled high-QQQ microresonators, cascaded pump-rejection filters, and low-loss inverse-tapered edge couplers. The measurements agree with a first-principles theoretical model parameterized solely by independently extracted device parameters and experimental settings. The measured squeezing level can be further improved by enhancing the efficiencies of off-chip detection and chip-to-fiber coupling. These results establish a reproducible, wafer-scale route to nonclassical-light generation in integrated photonics and lay the groundwork for scalable CV processors, multiplexed entanglement sources, and quantum-enhanced sensing.
Squeezed states are a primary resource for continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing. To implement CV protocols in a scalable and robust way, it is desirable to generate and manipulate squeezed states using an integrated photonics platform. In this Letter, we demonstrate the generation of quadrature-phase squeezed states in the radio-frequency carrier sideband using a small-footprint silicon-nitride microresonator with a dual-pumped four-wave-mixing process. We record a squeezed noise level of 1.34 dB (±0.16 dB) below the photocurrent shot noise, which corresponds to 3.09 dB (±0.49 dB) of quadrature squeezing on chip. We also show that it is critical to account for the nonlinear behavior of the pump fields to properly predict the squeezing that can be generated in this system. This technology represents a significant step toward creating and manipulating large-scale CV cluster states that can be used for quantum information applications, including universal quantum computing.
Squeezed states of light are essential for emerging quantum technology in metrology and information processing. Chip-integrated photonics offers a route to scalable and efficient squeezed light generation, however, parasitic nonlinear processes and optical losses remain significant challenges. Here, we demonstrate single-mode quadrature squeezing in a photonic crystal microresonator via degenerate dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing. Implemented in a scalable, low-loss silicon-nitride photonic-chip platform, the microresonator features a tailored nano-corrugation that modifies its resonances to suppress parasitic nonlinear processes. In this way, we achieve an estimated 7.8 dB of on-chip squeezing in the bus waveguide, with potential for further improvement. These results open a promising pathway toward integrated squeezed light sources for quantum-enhanced interferometry, Gaussian boson sampling, coherent Ising machines, and universal quantum computing.
Squeezed light is optical beams with variance below the shot noise level. They are a key resource for quantum technologies based on photons, and they can be used to achieve better precision measurements and improve security in quantum key distribution channels and as a fundamental resource for quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate an integrated source of squeezing based on four-wave mixing that requires a single laser pump, measuring 0.45 dB of broadband quadrature squeezing at high frequencies. We identify and verify that the current results are limited by excess noise produced in the chip and propose ways to reduce it. Calculations suggest that an improvement in the optical properties of the chip achievable with existing technology can develop scalable quantum technologies based on light.
Squeezed states of light are essential for emerging quantum technology in metrology and information processing. Chip-integrated photonics offers a route to scalable and efficient squeezed light generation, however, parasitic nonlinear processes and optical losses remain significant challenges. Here, we demonstrate single-mode quadrature squeezing in a photonic crystal microresonator via degenerate dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing. Implemented in a scalable, low-loss silicon-nitride photonic-chip platform, the microresonator features a tailored nano-corrugation that modifies its resonances to suppress parasitic nonlinear processes. In this way, we achieve an estimated 7.8 dB of on-chip squeezing in the bus waveguide, with potential for further improvement. These results open a promising pathway toward integrated squeezed light sources for quantum-enhanced interferometry, Gaussian boson sampling, coherent Ising machines, and universal quantum computing.
Squeezed light are optical beams with variance below the Shot Noise Level. They are a key resource for quantum technologies based on photons, they can be used to achieve better precision measurements, improve security in quantum key distribution channels and as a fundamental resource for quantum computation. To date, the majority of experiments based on squeezed light have been based on non-linear crystals and discrete optical components, as the integration of quadrature squeezed states of light in a nanofabrication-friendly material is a challenging technological task. Here we measure 0.45 dB of GHz-broad quadrature squeezing produced by a ring resonator integrated on a Silicon Nitride photonic chip that we fabricated with CMOS compatible steps. The result corrected for the off-chip losses is estimated to be 1 dB below the Shot Noise Level. We identify and verify that the current results are limited by excess noise produced in the chip, and propose ways to reduce it. Calculations suggest that an improvement in the optical properties of the chip achievable with existing technology can develop scalable quantum technologies based on light.