Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Express

Investigation on magnetic field response of a 87Rb-129Xe atomic spin comagnetometer

Meng Shi

Published Sep 28, 2020• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The magnetic field response of a 87Rb-129Xe atomic spin comagnetometer operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime was investigated. The response model of the comagnetometer to the transverse magnetic fields along the y-axis and the x-axis considering the couple of electron spin and nuclear spin is presented. In the experiment, a high hybrid resonance peak near low-frequency was observed. By fitting the hybrid resonance with the presented response model, a pair of poles at 0.62 Hz and 1.8 Hz were obtained which correspond to the nuclear spin resonance and the electron spin resonance, respectively. The magnetic field response characteristic of the 87Rb-129Xe comagnetometer with different nuclear magnetic fields and electronic magnetic fields was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid resonance frequency can be right-shifted by the larger nuclear magnetic field while the magnetic field suppression factor can be decreased by the larger electron magnetic field. This study is helpful to improve the performance of the atomic spin gyroscope based on the 87Rb-129Xe comagnetometer.

DOI
10.1364/oe.404809

Related papers

Suppression of Low-Frequency Magnetic Drift Based on Magnetic Field Sensitivity in K-Rb-21Ne Atomic Spin Comagnetometer

Ye Liu, Wenfeng Fan, Yang Fu +3 more

A spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer is a promising high-precision gyroscope as its inertial measurement sensitivity can rival that of existing technologies. The magnetic field error is one of the main factors that limits the long-term stability of the comagnetometer. The steady-state response and frequency response models of a K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer are modified by considering the spin-exchange rate between the electron spins and the nuclear spins. The modified models are used to redefine the bias magnetic sensitivity of the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer and the suppression method of low-frequency magnetic field error is proposed. We demonstrate the magnetic drift suppression method proposed in the article by optimizing the cell temperature and pump laser power density. This study is helpful to improve the rotation measurement performance of the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement•Jan 1, 2022•19 citations

A Highly Sensitive In Situ Magnetic Field Fluctuation Measurement Method Based on Nuclear-Spin Depolarization in an Atomic Comagnetometer

Haoying Pang, Wenfeng Fan, Jiong Huang +3 more

In this article, a highly sensitivein situmagnetic field fluctuation measurement method is proposed based on nuclear-spin depolarization in a spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic comagnetometer (ACM). The steady-state model of the hybrid atomic spin ensemble is systematically studied. According to the theoretical model, two different states of nuclear-spin polarization and unpolarization lead to different sensitivities of the system to rotation and magnetic fields. The gradient magnetic field (GMF) is employed to change the state of nuclear-spin polarization of the noble gas, transforming the ACM into an atomic magnetometer (AM). The polarization and relaxation rates of the electron spin and nuclear spin under the two measurement modes are measured and compared by the magnetic resonance method and transient response method. At the same time, the performances in the ACM and AM are tested. Detailed experiments verify that the AM can achieve sensitivity for the magnetic field measurement with an average value of$53.6~\mathbf {fT/Hz^{1/2}}$in the frequency range of$10\sim 30$Hz. The Allan variance method is adopted to evaluate the$x$- and$y$-axis magnetic field stabilities of the ACM, and the magnitudes are 61.6 and 55.9 fT at 100 s, contributing about 4.9$\times 10\mathbf {^{-3}}\,\,\mathbf {^{\circ }/h}$and 2.6$\times 10\mathbf {^{-4}}\,\,\mathbf {^{\circ }/h}$to the long-term stability of the ACM. This method can not only realize the high-sensitivityin situmeasurement of the close-to-zero magnetic field and its fluctuation but also realize the switching of the two measurement modes of rotation and magnetic field measurements, which is essential for the evaluation of magnetic field error.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement•Jan 1, 2022•19 citations

Investigation of spatial spin polarization of 87Rb and 129Xe atomic ensemble pumped by Gaussian beam in a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope

Shu Qiang, Fang Ji

The spin polarization of 87Rb and 129Xe atomic ensemble has great impact on the signal intensity of a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope. The coupled spin polarization modelling process for 87Rb and 129Xe atoms ensemble is presented in detail. Three dimensional spatial distribution of the spin polarization field is obtained by numerical solution and is in good agreement with the experiment results. Influencing factors including temperature, power and detuned frequency of the pumping laser, average collision times of anti-relaxation coatings and partial pressure of gas composition are investigated. The work presents an indirect method to estimate the average collision times given the Xe polarization with different temperatures. It is found the average collision times of the 129Xe atoms with the inner surface of a bare glass cell of 3×3×3mm3 can reach up to about 2.7×105 times. It is also found that the pumping frequency corresponding to the maximum polarization of the Xe atoms polarized by spin exchange of Rb atoms is not consistent with the D1 line of the 87Rb atom when the temperature of the cell is above a certain temperature, but is detuned at a certain frequency. Quantitative analysis of the effect of anti-relaxation coatings on the spin polarization suggests that the appropriate average number of collisions of the Rb atoms with the inner surface of the cell is about 1500 times.

International Conference on Precision Instruments and Optical Engineering (PIOE)•Feb 27, 2023•1 citation

Dynamically Polarized SERF Atomic Comagnetometer

Xiaofei Huang, Wei, Kai, Rui Yang +4 more

Atomic spin sensors are essential for beyond-the-standard-model exploration, biomagnetic measurement, and quantum navigation. While the traditional DC mode spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer achieves ultrahigh sensitivity, further improvements require suppressing technical noise and surpassing standard quantum limit. In this work, we develop a K-Rb-$^{21}$Ne SERF atomic comagnetometer that dynamically polarizes the electron and nuclear spins, shielding signals from direct interference by pump light. We establish a three-phase evolutionary model for hybrid spin ensemble dynamics, yielding a complete analytical solution, and analyze the responses to various spin perturbations. Additionally, we achieve an averaged 38.5 $\%$ suppression of the polarization noise and identify the key factors that limit sensitivity improvements. The dynamically polarized comagnetometer exhibits effective suppression of technical noise and holds the potential to overcome quantum noise limit, while offering promising applications in exploring new physics and precise magnetic field measurements.

arXiv:2505.18462•May 24, 2025•0 citations

Atomic spin gyroscope based on 129Xe-Cs comagnetometer

Jiancheng Fang, Jie Qin, Shuangai Wan +2 more

Atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) based on comagnetometer is a high sensitive and compact gyroscope for future inertial navigation applications. The start-up time was several hours of the demonstrated ASGs based on 3 He-K or 21 Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer, and only a few inertial navigation applications allow such a long time for preparation. We report the demonstration of an ASG based on 129 Xe-Cs comagnetometer, which decreases the start-up time to 10 minutes and decreases the operation temperature by 40% as well. By operating this ASG in spin exchange relaxation free regime, a sensitivity of 7×10 −5 °/(s Hz 1/2 ) was achieved.

Chinese Science Bulletin•May 1, 2013•40 citations

Spin Polarization Measurement in SERF Comagnetometer Based on Phase‐Frequency Response of Magnetic Field

Ze Yu Cai, Feng Liu, Pengcheng Du +5 more

Abstract This work presents an innovative approach for measuring the spin polarizations of coupled atomic ensembles in spin‐exchange relaxation‐free (SERF) comagnetometers, using the phase‐frequency response of the magnetic field. The zero‐phase point in the phase‐frequency response of the magnetic field along the ‐axis is examined to determine the deceleration factor and electronic magnetic field. Ultimately, the spin polarizations of electrons and noble‐gas atoms are calculated. The method is applied to test vapor cells with different parameters under various temperatures and pumping light intensities. The measurement errors caused by transverse electron relaxation of electronic spin polarization and nuclear spin polarization are 5.59% and 1.95% under high polarization, and 8.06% and 2.62% under low polarization. The measurement method features minimal impact on nuclear spin polarization and wide applicability compared to other methods, making it more applicable and suitable for SERF comagnetometers. This method has great significance in better understanding the system state of the SERF comagnetometer and improving its sensitivity.

Advanced Quantum Technologies•Aug 1, 2024•11 citations
The magnetic field response of a 87Rb-129Xe atomic spin comagnetometer operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime was investigated. The response model of the comagnetometer to the transverse magnetic fields along the y-axis and the x-axis considering the couple of electron spin and nuclear spin is presented. In the experiment, a high hybrid resonance peak near low-frequency was observed. By fitting the hybrid resonance with the presented response model, a pair of poles at 0.62 Hz and 1.8 Hz were obtained which correspond to the nuclear spin resonance and the electron spin resonance, respectively. The magnetic field response characteristic of the 87Rb-129Xe comagnetometer with different nuclear magnetic fields and electronic magnetic fields was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid resonance frequency can be right-shifted by the larger nuclear magnetic field while the magnetic field suppression factor can be decreased by the larger electron magnetic field. This study is helpful to improve the performance of the atomic spin gyroscope based on the 87Rb-129Xe comagnetometer.
A spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer is a promising high-precision gyroscope as its inertial measurement sensitivity can rival that of existing technologies. The magnetic field error is one of the main factors that limits the long-term stability of the comagnetometer. The steady-state response and frequency response models of a K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer are modified by considering the spin-exchange rate between the electron spins and the nuclear spins. The modified models are used to redefine the bias magnetic sensitivity of the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer and the suppression method of low-frequency magnetic field error is proposed. We demonstrate the magnetic drift suppression method proposed in the article by optimizing the cell temperature and pump laser power density. This study is helpful to improve the rotation measurement performance of the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer.
In this article, a highly sensitivein situmagnetic field fluctuation measurement method is proposed based on nuclear-spin depolarization in a spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic comagnetometer (ACM). The steady-state model of the hybrid atomic spin ensemble is systematically studied. According to the theoretical model, two different states of nuclear-spin polarization and unpolarization lead to different sensitivities of the system to rotation and magnetic fields. The gradient magnetic field (GMF) is employed to change the state of nuclear-spin polarization of the noble gas, transforming the ACM into an atomic magnetometer (AM). The polarization and relaxation rates of the electron spin and nuclear spin under the two measurement modes are measured and compared by the magnetic resonance method and transient response method. At the same time, the performances in the ACM and AM are tested. Detailed experiments verify that the AM can achieve sensitivity for the magnetic field measurement with an average value of53.6 fT/Hz1/253.6~\mathbf {fT/Hz^{1/2}}53.6 fT/Hz1/2in the frequency range of10∼3010\sim 3010∼30Hz. The Allan variance method is adopted to evaluate thexxx- andyyy-axis magnetic field stabilities of the ACM, and the magnitudes are 61.6 and 55.9 fT at 100 s, contributing about 4.9×10−3  ∘/h\times 10\mathbf {^{-3}}\,\,\mathbf {^{\circ }/h}×10−3∘/hand 2.6×10−4  ∘/h\times 10\mathbf {^{-4}}\,\,\mathbf {^{\circ }/h}×10−4∘/hto the long-term stability of the ACM. This method can not only realize the high-sensitivityin situmeasurement of the close-to-zero magnetic field and its fluctuation but also realize the switching of the two measurement modes of rotation and magnetic field measurements, which is essential for the evaluation of magnetic field error.
The spin polarization of 87Rb and 129Xe atomic ensemble has great impact on the signal intensity of a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope. The coupled spin polarization modelling process for 87Rb and 129Xe atoms ensemble is presented in detail. Three dimensional spatial distribution of the spin polarization field is obtained by numerical solution and is in good agreement with the experiment results. Influencing factors including temperature, power and detuned frequency of the pumping laser, average collision times of anti-relaxation coatings and partial pressure of gas composition are investigated. The work presents an indirect method to estimate the average collision times given the Xe polarization with different temperatures. It is found the average collision times of the 129Xe atoms with the inner surface of a bare glass cell of 3×3×3mm3 can reach up to about 2.7×105 times. It is also found that the pumping frequency corresponding to the maximum polarization of the Xe atoms polarized by spin exchange of Rb atoms is not consistent with the D1 line of the 87Rb atom when the temperature of the cell is above a certain temperature, but is detuned at a certain frequency. Quantitative analysis of the effect of anti-relaxation coatings on the spin polarization suggests that the appropriate average number of collisions of the Rb atoms with the inner surface of the cell is about 1500 times.
Atomic spin sensors are essential for beyond-the-standard-model exploration, biomagnetic measurement, and quantum navigation. While the traditional DC mode spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer achieves ultrahigh sensitivity, further improvements require suppressing technical noise and surpassing standard quantum limit. In this work, we develop a K-Rb-21^{21}21Ne SERF atomic comagnetometer that dynamically polarizes the electron and nuclear spins, shielding signals from direct interference by pump light. We establish a three-phase evolutionary model for hybrid spin ensemble dynamics, yielding a complete analytical solution, and analyze the responses to various spin perturbations. Additionally, we achieve an averaged 38.5 %\%% suppression of the polarization noise and identify the key factors that limit sensitivity improvements. The dynamically polarized comagnetometer exhibits effective suppression of technical noise and holds the potential to overcome quantum noise limit, while offering promising applications in exploring new physics and precise magnetic field measurements.
Atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) based on comagnetometer is a high sensitive and compact gyroscope for future inertial navigation applications. The start-up time was several hours of the demonstrated ASGs based on 3 He-K or 21 Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer, and only a few inertial navigation applications allow such a long time for preparation. We report the demonstration of an ASG based on 129 Xe-Cs comagnetometer, which decreases the start-up time to 10 minutes and decreases the operation temperature by 40% as well. By operating this ASG in spin exchange relaxation free regime, a sensitivity of 7×10 −5 °/(s Hz 1/2 ) was achieved.
Abstract This work presents an innovative approach for measuring the spin polarizations of coupled atomic ensembles in spin‐exchange relaxation‐free (SERF) comagnetometers, using the phase‐frequency response of the magnetic field. The zero‐phase point in the phase‐frequency response of the magnetic field along the ‐axis is examined to determine the deceleration factor and electronic magnetic field. Ultimately, the spin polarizations of electrons and noble‐gas atoms are calculated. The method is applied to test vapor cells with different parameters under various temperatures and pumping light intensities. The measurement errors caused by transverse electron relaxation of electronic spin polarization and nuclear spin polarization are 5.59% and 1.95% under high polarization, and 8.06% and 2.62% under low polarization. The measurement method features minimal impact on nuclear spin polarization and wide applicability compared to other methods, making it more applicable and suitable for SERF comagnetometers. This method has great significance in better understanding the system state of the SERF comagnetometer and improving its sensitivity.