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Scientific Reports

Controllable ultraslow optical solitons in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under EIT assisted by a magnetic field

Dong Hoang Minh, Nga Luong Thi Yen, Khoa Dinh Xuan, Bang Nguyen Huy

Published Sep 17, 2020• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We proposed a simple model for generation of controllable ultraslow optical solitons of a weak probe laser light in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under electromagnetically induced transparency assisted by a magnetic field. It is shown that bright and dark optical solitons can be formed from a probe light with controllable ultraslow group velocities at a few m/s by tuning the strength of a coupling light and/or the magnetic field. In addition to the ultraslow velocity, the advantage of this model is to use a sole laser for delivering both pump and probe lights. Furthermore, one can switch between bright and dark solitons by reversing the direction of the magnetic field. Such controllable ultraslow solitons are interested in finding applications in optical communications and optical data processing.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-72256-4

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We proposed a simple model for generation of controllable ultraslow optical solitons of a weak probe laser light in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under electromagnetically induced transparency assisted by a magnetic field. It is shown that bright and dark optical solitons can be formed from a probe light with controllable ultraslow group velocities at a few m/s by tuning the strength of a coupling light and/or the magnetic field. In addition to the ultraslow velocity, the advantage of this model is to use a sole laser for delivering both pump and probe lights. Furthermore, one can switch between bright and dark solitons by reversing the direction of the magnetic field. Such controllable ultraslow solitons are interested in finding applications in optical communications and optical data processing.
In this work, we proposed a simple model for control of subluminal and superluminal light propagation via an external magnetic field in a lambda configuration degenerate two-level atomic medium. We show that the absorption-dispersion properties and group index under the influence of the strength of coupling laser and external magnetic fields are controlled. By changing the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field, the medium switches from transparency with normal dispersion to enhanced absorption with anomalous dispersion at the line center, corresponding with the transfer from slow light to fast light. This work may provide for the application realization of magneto-optic switches and storage devices in quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme to generate stable ultraslow three-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons, or ultraslow optical bullets, at very low light levels via atomic coherence. The system we consider is an ensemble of resonant, lifetime-broadened NNN-type four-level atoms, working in a regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Due to the quantum interference effect induced by a control field, the absorption of a probe field is largely suppressed. Moreover, the Kerr nonlinearity is greatly enhanced, and the dispersion property of the probe field is drastically changed. Using a method of multiple scales, we derive two coupled nonlinear envelope equations controlling the evolution of the envelopes of the probe field and an assisted field. We show that under certain conditions the envelope of the probe field satisfies a three-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and the envelope of the assisted field obeys a linear Helmholtz equation. We obtain various optical bullet solutions for the probe-field envelope and demonstrate that such optical bullets have many novel features, including very slow propagating velocity and very low generation power. In addition, they can be actively controlled and manipulated by adjusting system parameters. The stabilization of the optical bullets obtained can be easily realized by the trapping potential contributed by the assisted field, which is also investigated in detail.
We propose a simple system for both optical switching and bistability based on degenerated two-level atoms placed in a ring cavity and an external magnetic field. The magnetic field splits a lower level into two separated levels, both of which are connected to an upper level by coupling and probe laser fields. Under an electromagnetically induced transparency regime, the system exhibits optical bistability and switching properties in which its thresholds and switching rate can be controlled by modulating intensity of the magnetic field or the coupling light field. Furthermore, the system can be controlled to work in varying frequency regimes by using a sole laser for both coupling and probe fields. Such a proposed scheme may be useful for realization of optical switches and storage devices.
Abstract We propose a scheme to realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse by ultraslow optical soliton in a coherent inverted-Y-type atomic system via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell-Bloch equations, we derive nonlinear equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of the probe and signal pulse envelopes. We show the giant enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained under the condition of the double EIT, which results in the generation of a (2+1)-dimension optical soliton and can realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse. Applying a far-detuned laser field to the system, we find that a weak signal pulse can be trapped by a (3+1)-dimension light bullet. In particular, the trajectories of the light bullet and trapped signal pulse can be manipulated and controlled by introducing a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The results predicted here may not only open a route for the study of weak-light nonlinear optics but also have potential applications in the precision measurements and optical information processing and transmission.
We investigate the weak probe pulse propagation through the atomic medium, in the presence of the strong control laser field, under the regime of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). These fields couple to the medium by forming the 3-level ladder configuration. We focus on two distinct cases: closed system, which is a non-degenerate, and open system, where the middle level is 3-fold degenerate, and the additional levels are coupled to the other levels only via spontaneous emission. The spatio-temporal profile of the probe pulse envelope is obtained by using the formalism of Maxwell-Bloch equations with the help of the Fourier transform method. We study the influence of the control field Rabi frequency, the spectral half-width of the initial pulse and decay rates on the propagation of the probe pulse. Several important pulse parameters are also calculated and discussed. It is shown that the group velocity of light can be controlled in such a manner that one can switch from slow to fast light and vice versa when changing the control Rabi frequency and spectral pulse half-width. Moreover, the possibility of replacing the open with an effective closed system is also discussed.