Internet of Things (IoT) enable information transmission and sharing among massive IoT devices. However, the key establishment and management in IoT become more challenging due to the low latency requirements and resource constrained IoT devices. In this work, we propose a practical physical layer based secret key sharing scheme for MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) IoT devices to reduce the communication delay caused by key establishment of MIMO IoT devices. This is because the proposed scheme attachs secret key sharing with communication simultaneously. It is achieved by the proposed MIMO self-injection AN (SAN) tranmsission, which is designed to deliberately maximum the receive SNR (signal to noise ratio) at different antenna of the legitimate IoT device, based on the value of secret key sharing to him. The simulation results verified the validity and security of the proposed scheme
Internet of Things (IoT) enable information transmission and sharing among massive IoT devices. However, the key establishment and management in IoT become more challenging due to the low latency requirements and resource constrained IoT devices. In this work, we propose a practical physical layer based secret key sharing scheme for MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) IoT devices to reduce the communication delay caused by key establishment of MIMO IoT devices. This is because the proposed scheme attachs secret key sharing with communication simultaneously. It is achieved by the proposed MIMO self-injection AN (SAN) tranmsission, which is designed to deliberately maximum the receive SNR (signal to noise ratio) at different antenna of the legitimate IoT device, based on the value of secret key sharing to him. The simulation results verified the validity and security of the proposed scheme
Internet of Things (IoT) enables information sharing among massive small and cheap wireless devices. However, the secret key sharing process in massive IoT applications becomes more challenging due to the low latency communication requirements and resource constrained IoT devices. To adress those probelms, we propose a physical layer secret key sharing scheme for MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) IoT applications, which can realize secret key sharing with communication simultaneously. This is because the information of secret key is attached in the combination of the activated/non-activated parallel sub-channels of the legitimate receiver, which is created by SVD (singular value decomposition) of the MIMO channel of the legitimate receiver. Consequently, the legitimate receiver can accurately obtain the shared key and demodulate the communication data with an arbitrary low key BER and BER (bit error rate). The simulation results verified the validity and security of the proposed scheme.
With the increasing demands for sharing confidential information among massive Internet of Things (IoT) devices in 5G and beyond wireless networks, many applications require the common secret key generation for a group of IoT devices. However, most of the existing works on physical layer secret key generation (PLKG) only focus on the pairwise key generation between two users, which is a low efficient and high cost to be extended to the scenarios of group key generation. In this work, we propose a new efficient multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) physical layer group secret key generation scheme to reduce the consumption of channel probing and improve the efficiency for group key generation. Different from current schemes, in the proposed scheme, the transmitter randomly generates the group secret key and directly broadcasts the downlink data symbols to the group users. At the receiver end, each group user can efficiently “observe” the common group key through the downlink broadcasting data symbols, while keeping perfect secrecy of the shared group key against eavesdroppers. The performance of reliability, security, and the group key generation rate is fully investigated, which shows the advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and strong robustness of the proposed scheme. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Physical-layer security (PLS) has become an intriguing technology to address eavesdropping issues in Internet of Things (IoT) systems owing to its low complexity and latency. As wireless communication technology and computing capabilities advance by leaps and bounds, eavesdroppers have enhanced eavesdropping capabilities. They can analyse the environment and move to find better locations for eavesdropping. To mitigate the significant impact of multiple intelligent eavesdroppers extremely close to the device-constrained transmitters in the uplink multiple-input-multiple-output IoT systems, we exploit time-domain artificial noise (AN) in the PLS design and formulate a game problem against the intelligent eavesdroppers. First, we derive the optimal closed-form solution for eavesdroppers and propose a low complexity difference of the convex (LCDC) algorithm to obtain the optimal strategy of the legitimate users and the access point equipped with a zero-forcing receiver. For general linear receivers, we propose a successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm for the game problem. Simulations are conducted to verify the convergence and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms. The system secrecy performance of the time-domain AN is much better than that of the frequency-domain AN with single-antenna transmitters.
The secure exchange of messages between different communication devices is a major issue of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications in future smart cities. Current security mechanisms focus on multiple antennas technology, such as spatial modulation (SM), but in space shift keying (SSK), there is still a space to explore. In this article, we propose a secrecy-enhancing SSK scheme for IoT applications by applying security technologies in the physical layer wherein the number of transmit antennas is arbitrary rather than the value of power of two. In this scheme, the security performance of the communication system is improved by using two technologies, namely, artificial noise (AN) and antenna selection. We assume that the application scenario of the SSK system is under the classic eavesdropping model. First, we design ANs according to the channel state information (CSI) to interrupt the eavesdropper and benefit the legitimate receiver via the appropriate cancellation technology. Second, the antenna selection method is designed based on the signal to leakage noise ratio (SLNR) to further boost the secrecy performance by expanding the mutual information difference between the main channel and the eavesdropping channel. Results from our simulations indicate that by the use of the proposed scheme, significant secrecy enhancing can be achieved in terms of bit error ratio (BER) and secrecy rate (SR) when compared with existing schemes. This achieved secrecy enhancing can benefit the suitable IoT communication applications in the smart city environment to avoid the leakage of data transmission.
In this article, we propose a lightweight security scheme for ensuring both information confidentiality and transmission resiliency in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) communication. A single-antenna transmitter communicates with a half-duplex single-antenna receiver in the presence of a sophisticated multiple-antenna-aided passive eavesdropper and a multiple-antenna-assisted hostile jammer (HJ). A low-complexity artificial noise (AN) injection scheme is proposed for drowning out the eavesdropper. Furthermore, for enhancing the resilience against HJ attacks, the legitimate nodes exploit their own local observations of the wireless channel as the source of randomness to agree on shared secret keys. The secret key is utilized for the frequency hopping (FH) sequence of the proposed communication system. We then proceed to derive a new closed-form expression for the achievable secret key rate (SKR) and the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for characterizing the secrecy benefits of our proposed scheme, in terms of both information secrecy and transmission resiliency. Moreover, the optimal power sharing between the AN and the message signal is investigated with the objective of enhancing the secrecy rate. Finally, through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed system model outperforms the state-of-the-art transmission schemes in terms of secrecy and resiliency. Several numerical examples and discussions are also provided to offer further engineering insights.
Establishing robust cybersecurity for Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems poses significant challenges for system operators due to IoT resource constraints, trade-offs between security and performance, diversity of applications, and their security requirements, usability, and scalability. This article introduces a physical-layer security (PLS) approach that enables IoT devices to maintain specified levels of information confidentiality against wireless channel eavesdropping threats. This work proposes applying PLS active defense mechanisms utilizing spectrum-sharing schemes combined with fair scheduling and power management algorithms to mitigate the risk of eavesdropping attacks on resource-constrained IoT environments. Specifically, an IoT device communicating over an insecure wireless channel will utilize intentional noise signals transmitted alongside the actual IoT information signal. The intentional noise signal will appear to an eavesdropper (EVE) as additional noise, reducing the EVE’s signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and increasing the EVE’s outage probability, thereby restricting their capacity to decode the transmitted IoT information, resulting in better protection for the confidentiality of the IoT device’s transmission. The proposed communication strategy serves as a complementary solution to existing security methods. Analytical and numerical analyses presented in this article validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, demonstrating that IoT devices can achieve the desired levels of confidentiality.