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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Effect of soliton and vortex geometry on the transport of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

Robin C. Scott, A. Martin, T. M. Fromhold

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the effects of solitons and vortices on the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice. The geometry of these excitations has a pronounced effect on the evolution of the atom cloud.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.itui17

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We present theoretical and experimental studies of the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional optical lattice and a three-dimensional harmonic trap. For low atom densities and inertial forces, the condensate performs regular Bloch oscillations, and its center-of-mass motion closely follows semiclassical single-particle trajectories, shaped by the lowest-energy band. But in other regimes, the center-of-mass motion disrupts the internal structure of the condensate by generating solitons and vortex rings, which can trigger explosive expansion of the atom cloud. We use images of the atom cloud to provide experimental evidence for this internal disruption, and find that the process occurs most readily in high-density condensates undergoing slow Bloch oscillations.
We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice and harmonic trap. The condensates are set in motion by displacing the trap and initially follow simple semiclassical paths, shaped by the lowest energy band. Above a critical displacement, the condensate undergoes Bragg reflection. For high atom densities, the first Bragg reflection generates a train of solitons and vortices, which destabilize the condensate and trigger explosive expansion. At lower densities, soliton and vortex formation requires multiple Bragg reflections, and damps the center-of-mass motion.