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Modern Physics Letters B

Effect of the oscillations in the photon distribution of a squeezed field on the fluorescence spectrum of the Jaynes–Cummings model

L. Villanueva-Vergara, Francisco Soto, H. M. Moya-Cessa

Published Sep 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Following the scheme proposed by Eberly and Wodkiewicz for the physical spectrum, we calculate the fluorescence spectrum of the Jaynes–Cummings model when the two-level system interacts with an electromagnetic field that initially is in a squeezed coherent state. We show the appearing of “ringing lines” in the fluorescence spectrum that are echoes of the oscillations in the photon distribution of the compressed field. These ringing lines may be a similar effect as the ringing revivals of the atomic inversion that are a signature of squeezed states.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984920504266

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Following the scheme proposed by Eberly and Wodkiewicz for the physical spectrum, we calculate the fluorescence spectrum of the Jaynes–Cummings model when the two-level system interacts with an electromagnetic field that initially is in a squeezed coherent state. We show the appearing of “ringing lines” in the fluorescence spectrum that are echoes of the oscillations in the photon distribution of the compressed field. These ringing lines may be a similar effect as the ringing revivals of the atomic inversion that are a signature of squeezed states.
When the displacement and squeeze parameters for a squeezed coherent state are chosen appropriately, the squeezed state has an oscillatory photon number distribution P(n). Schleich and Wheeler1 have shown that the oscillations arise from the interference between contributions to P(n) from two regions in phase space where an elongated error ellipse, characterizing the squeezed coherent state, overlaps the annuli characterizing the number states. We study the Jaynes-Cummings model for the interaction of a two-level atom with a single mode of the radiation field when the radiation field is initially in such a squeezed coherent state. Revivals of the atomic inversion occur which have a quite different appearance from those produced when the radiation field is initially In a coherent state.2 Each revival is followed by a series of echoes—a phenomenon we call ringing revivals. We discuss the relationship between these echoes and the oscillations in P(n). There is a one-to-one correspondence between echoes and the peaks in P(n); however, interference between the contributions to the inversion from different peaks in P(n) plays an important role in forming the ringing structure of the revivals.
The Jaynes–Cummings interaction of a two-level atom with the radiation field is studied when the radiation is initially in a strongly squeezed coherent state. The dynamic response of the atomic inversion shows echoes after each revival when the squeezed coherent state exhibits an oscillatory photon-counting distribution due to the phase-space interference effect. The sensitivity of the dynamic behavior to approximations used in computing the atomic inversion is discussed. Comparison is made with the intensity-dependent interaction model of Buck and Sukumar [ Phys. Lett.81A, 132 ( 1981)]; this model does not exhibit echoes. The mean, variance, and entropy for the photon-number distribution are calculated and found to show behavior similar to that of the atomic inversion.
The dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings interaction of a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the radiation field is investigated, as the state of the field is gradually changed from a coherent state to a squeezed coherent state. The effect of mild squeezing on the coherent light is shown to be striking: the photon number distribution gets localized and it peaks maximally for a particular value of squeezing. The atomic inversion retains its structure for a longer time. The mean linear entropy shows that the atom has a tendency to get disentangled from field within the collapse region and also in the revival region, for mild squeezing. These properties are absent for the case of a coherent state or for an excessively squeezed coherent state. We also elucidate a connection between these properties and the photon statistics of the mildly squeezed coherent state; these states have the minimum variance and are also maximally sub-Poissonian.
Coherent signal containing squeezed noise in a mixed state of radiation field is considered here as a non-Gaussian mixture of a coherent state density operator and a squeezed state density operator, as opposed to the usual well known squeezed coherent state. Both these states are `quantum' noise-included signal states. Effects of these two distinct ways of adding squeezing to a coherent state are compared and contrasted. The main objective of this work is to study the mixed state version of the Jaynes-Cummings model in the context of a two-level atom interacting with a mixed field state of a squeezed vacuum and a coherent state. The pure squeezed coherent state (PSCS) and the mixed squeezed coherent state (MSCS) are used as the states of the radiation field. The photon-counting distribution (PCD), the atomic inversion and the entanglement dynamics of atom-field interaction for both the radiation fields are investigated and compared with each other. We observe that depending on the state of the field, squeezing has very different effects on coherent photons. Mild squeezing on the coherent photons strongly localizes the PCD for PSCS; however, for MSCS there is no such localization observed - instead squeezing manifests for MSCS as oscillations in the PCD. The effects of squeezing on the atomic inversion and the entanglement dynamics for MSCS are contrasting in comparison with the corresponding quantities associated with PSCS. It is well known in the literature that for PSCS, increasing the squeezing increases the well-known ringing revivals in the atomic inversion, and also increases irregularity in the entanglement dynamics. However, increasing the squeezing in MSCS very significantly alters the collapse-revival pattern in the atomic inversion and the entanglement dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings model.
An m-photon Jaynes-Cummings model is analyzed assuming the field to be initially in the squeezed vacuum state or in a more general squeezed state. Collapses and revivals of the Rabi oscillations in the atomic population inversion appear for a general squeezed input, but not for a squeezed vacuum input. The second-order coherence function is found to exhibit collapses and revivals for large initial average photon numbers. With a low-intensity input field and large m, one can achieve nearly steady-state squeezing.
We investigate some of the fundamental features of the interaction of squeezed light with two-level atoms in the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model. We start our analysis by calculating the collapses and revivals of the atomic inversion. We discuss the degree of purity of the field (given by the entropy) and its disentanglement from the atomic source. The connection with the evolution of the Q-function is also made. We notice that contrary to the coherent state case, the field turns into a nearly pure (squeezed) state at the revival time as if the field was prepared in a coherent state. The field also becomes a superposition of squeezed states at half of the revival time, and this is confirmed by investigating the photon number distribution. The phase properties of the field are discussed using the Pegg-Barnett formalism.