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Mathematics

Self-Orthogonal Codes Constructed from Posets and Their Applications in Quantum Communication

Yansheng Wu, Yoonjin Lee

Published Sep 3, 2020• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is an important issue to search for self-orthogonal codes for construction of quantum codes by CSS construction (Calderbank-Sho-Steane codes); in quantum error correction, CSS codes are a special type of stabilizer codes constructed from classical codes with some special properties, and the CSS construction of quantum codes is a well-known construction. First, we employ hierarchical posets with two levels for construction of binary linear codes. Second, we find some necessary and sufficient conditions for these linear codes constructed using posets to be self-orthogonal, and we use these self-orthogonal codes for obtaining binary quantum codes. Finally, we obtain four infinite families of binary quantum codes for which the minimum distances are three or four by CSS construction, which include binary quantum Hamming codes with length n≥7. We also find some (almost) “optimal” quantum codes according to the current database of Grassl. Furthermore, we explicitly determine the weight distributions of these linear codes constructed using posets, and we present two infinite families of some optimal binary linear codes with respect to the Griesmer bound and a class of binary Hamming codes.

DOI
10.3390/math8091495

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It is an important issue to search for self-orthogonal codes for construction of quantum codes by CSS construction (Calderbank-Sho-Steane codes); in quantum error correction, CSS codes are a special type of stabilizer codes constructed from classical codes with some special properties, and the CSS construction of quantum codes is a well-known construction. First, we employ hierarchical posets with two levels for construction of binary linear codes. Second, we find some necessary and sufficient conditions for these linear codes constructed using posets to be self-orthogonal, and we use these self-orthogonal codes for obtaining binary quantum codes. Finally, we obtain four infinite families of binary quantum codes for which the minimum distances are three or four by CSS construction, which include binary quantum Hamming codes with length n≥7. We also find some (almost) “optimal” quantum codes according to the current database of Grassl. Furthermore, we explicitly determine the weight distributions of these linear codes constructed using posets, and we present two infinite families of some optimal binary linear codes with respect to the Griesmer bound and a class of binary Hamming codes.
Self-orthogonal codes have nice applications in many areas including quantum codes, lattices and LCD codes. For a prime powerq, it is in general difficult to constructq-ary self-orthogonal codes. In the literature, there exists no simple method to judge whether a generalq-ary linear code is self-orthogonal or not. In this paper, we mainly present several families ofq-ary self-orthogonal codes and study their applications in quantum codes and LCD codes. Firstly, several families ofq-ary linear codes are constructed by some special defining sets. These codes are proved to be self-orthogonal. To this end, we determine the numbers of solutions of some systems of equations over finite fields. Secondly, three families ofq-ary quantum codes with unbounded length and minimum distance three are constructed from the self-orthogonal codes. These quantum codes are optimal according to the quantum Hamming bound. In particular, some of them have better parameters than known ones. Thirdly, several families ofq-ary LCD codes are constructed from the self-orthogonal codes. Many optimal or almost optimal binary and ternary LCD codes are produced by our constructions. Some binary and ternary LCD codes have better parameters than known ones.
Quantum error-correcting codes are essential for protecting quantum information against decoherence. This work investigates the construction of quantum CSS codes from classical self-orthogonal binary linear codes derived from extended quadratic residue codes. By exploiting the large automorphism groups of these codes, the minimum-weight codewords are partitioned according to the action of maximal subgroups of the automorphism group. Codes generated from these partitions are shown to be self-orthogonal and to retain large automorphism groups, allowing the construction of associated quantum CSS codes with good parameters. The resulting codes include new quantum codes with lengths ranging from 16 to 48 and minimum distances up to 11. Their automorphism groups and permutation-decoding properties are also analyzed, including the number of permutations required for complete decoding. The results provide new families of quantum CSS codes combining good error-correcting parameters, large automorphism groups, and efficient permutation decoding.
Quantum error-correcting codes protect quantum information against undesirable noise in quantum computation and quantum communication.It is one of important problems that constructing very good quantum codes.There are two methods that use binary codes to construct quantum codes,one is CSS construction,another is Steane construction.These two methods are all based on the construction of binary self-orthogonal codes.Combinational construction of binary self-orthogonal codes is investigated in this paper.From known codes chains of binary self-orthogonal codes and their dual codes chains with given dual distance,new binary self-orthogonal codes of dual distance three,four,five and six are constructed.Based on these results,for each satisfying,S-chains with parameters and are constructed.According to Steane's construction,many very good quantum codes of distance five and six are constructed by the obtained S-chains,some of these quantum codes are new and some of these quantum codes have improved parameters than previously known codes.
Stabilizer codes are often constructed within the Calderbank--Shor--Steane (CSS) framework, where two mutually orthogonal binary classical codes define XXX and ZZZ-type stabilizer generators. While this structure is algebraically convenient, additional non-CSS constraints may help suppress low-weight logical operators and improve decoding performance in the finite-length regime. We thus introduce quantum XYZ stabilizer codes, whose parity-check matrix (PCM) is built from three pairwise orthogonal binary PCMs associated with XXX-, YYY-, and ZZZ-type stabilizer generators. A nontrivial point is that an XYZ code instance is not automatically genuinely non-CSS: the same stabilizer group may admit a CSS generating set. We characterize this collapse, obtaining algebraic and rank conditions for deciding when the YYY-type checks are redundant and when they define genuinely non-CSS stabilizer constraints. We also derive upper and lower bounds on the quantum minimum distance, including bounds for mixed Pauli logical operators. The novel framework includes a known non-CSS topological code, namely the XYZ2^22 hexagonal code, and yields also sparse finite-length quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) constructions from intersecting-subset and quasi-dyadic code families. Simulations under depolarizing code-capacity noise and quaternary belief propagation decoding show that the proposed XYZ qLDPC instances can outperform representative CSS qLDPC instances with similar finite-length parameters.
Existing quantum stabilizer codes constructed from the classic binary codes exclusively belong to the special subclass of Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes. This paper fills in the gap by proposing five systematic constructions for non-CSS stabilizer codes, the first four of which are based on classic binary quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and last on classic binary LDPC-convolutional codes. These new constructions exploit structured sparse graphs, make essential use of simple and powerful coding techniques including concatenation, rotation and scrambling, and generate rich classes of codes with a wide range of lengths and rates. We derive the sufficient, and in some cases also the necessary, conditions for each construction to satisfy the general symplectic inner product (SIP) condition, and develop practical decoder algorithms for these codes. The resulting codes are the first classes of non-CSS quantum LDPC codes and non-CSS quantum convolutional codes rooted from classic binary codes (rather than codes in GF(4)), and some of them perform as well as or better than the existing quantum codes.