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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Sensitivity Improvement of Quantum-Enhanced Plasmonic Sensing with Phase-Based Configuration

Mohammadjavad Dowran, Ashok Kumar V, Benjamin J. Lawrie, Raphael C. Pooser, Alberto M. Marino

Published May 28, 2019• 0 citations
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Quantum states of light allow for highly sensitive biosensing configurations, surpassing the limitations imposed by shot-noise. In this theoretical study, we focus on optical plasmonic sensors, which have extensive applications in disease diagnostics, including detection of diseases like HIV. Our investigation involves simulating the impact of quantum states of light, such as the NOON state and squeezed states, on enhancing the limit of detection in a plasmonic phase-sensing biosensor, surpassing coherent light states’ shot-noise limit. Specifically, we explore the use of quantum states to improve the limit of detection in phase-based biosensors for HIV detection, operating below the shot-noise limit. Through our analysis, we demonstrate that incorporating quantum states of light in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing leads to enhanced performance compared to classical states. Moreover, we take into account the impact of environmental losses in the biosensing setup, considering the real-world challenges in practical implementation. Our findings emphasize the potential of quantum SPR biosensors in the development of novel disease diagnostics devices.

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Quantum Sensing Laser light can induce electronic excitations on metal surfaces. These excitations, or plasmons, are sensitive to the surface environment and are now routinely used in chemical and biological sensing applications. Dowran et al. show that the sensitivity of these plasmonic sensors can be enhanced by using quantum states of light. They replace the laser light (used in the classical configuration) with quantum light, in this case a twin beam of entangled photons; one beam is used as a reference and the other to excite the surface plasmons. They find an appreciable sensitivity enhancement in the quantum configuration. Moreover, the reduced light intensity could also prove useful for the detection of light-sensitive chemical or biological samples. Optica 5 , 628 (2018).
The utilization of quantum resources can enhance the sensitivity of conventional measurement techniques beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). The objective of quantum metrology is to enable such quantum enhancements in practical devices. To achieve this objective, it is essential to have devices that are compatible with existing quantum resources operating within the SQL. Plasmonic sensors are promising candidates among these devices since they are extensively employed in biochemical sensing applications. Plasmonic sensors exhibit a response to slight variations in the local refractive index, which manifests as a shift in their resonance response. This shift, in turn, induces changes in the amplitude and phase of the probing light. By utilizing quantum states of light, such as NOON states, squeezed states, or Fock states, to probe these sensors, the measurement noise floor can be lowered, enabling the detection of signals below the SQL. In this study, we compare two configurations of quantum plasmonic sensing: phase-based and amplitude-based. By considering the Quantum Cramér Rao bound for both configurations, we demonstrate that the phase-based configuration can more effectively exploit the available quantum resources than the amplitude-based configuration. A limitation of this work is that it did not consider loss.
Quantum states of light allow for highly sensitive biosensing configurations, surpassing the limitations imposed by shot-noise. In this theoretical study, we focus on optical plasmonic sensors, which have extensive applications in disease diagnostics, including detection of diseases like HIV. Our investigation involves simulating the impact of quantum states of light, such as the NOON state and squeezed states, on enhancing the limit of detection in a plasmonic phase-sensing biosensor, surpassing coherent light states’ shot-noise limit. Specifically, we explore the use of quantum states to improve the limit of detection in phase-based biosensors for HIV detection, operating below the shot-noise limit. Through our analysis, we demonstrate that incorporating quantum states of light in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing leads to enhanced performance compared to classical states. Moreover, we take into account the impact of environmental losses in the biosensing setup, considering the real-world challenges in practical implementation. Our findings emphasize the potential of quantum SPR biosensors in the development of novel disease diagnostics devices.