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Quantum Information Processing

Pulse–qubit interaction in a superconducting circuit under linearly dissipative environment

Yibo Gao, Shijie Jin, Yan Zhang, Hou Ian

Published Aug 27, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-020-02814-2

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Microwave pulses are used ubiquitously to control and measure qubits fabricated on superconducting circuits. Due to continual environmental coupling, the qubits undergo decoherence both when it is free and during its interaction with the microwave pulse. As quantum logic gates are executed through pulse-qubit interaction, we study theoretically the decoherence-induced effects during the interaction, especially the variations of the pulse, under a dissipative environment with linear spectral distribution. We find that a transmissible pulse of finite width adopts an asymmetric multi-hump shape, due to the imbalanced pumping and emitting rates of the qubit during inversion when the environment is present. The pulse shape reduces to a solitonic pulse at vanishing dissipation and a pulse train at strong dissipation. We give detailed analysis of the environmental origin from both the perspectives of envelope and phase of the propagating pulse.
The interaction between a superconducting circuit and its environment can cause decoherence. However, interactions with an environment are necessary for quantum state preparation and measurement. Through the dynamics of open quantum systems, the environment is a resource to control and readout superconducting circuit states. I present an experimental result demonstrating qubit state stabilization from engineered dissipation with a microwave photonic crystal. In addition, I discuss the statistical arrow of time in the dynamics of continuous quantum measurement. These results demonstrate an interplay between open quantum system dynamics and statistics, which highlights the role of both dissipation and measurement for quantum control.
Parametric frequency modulation is a standard tool in superconducting circuits for activating tunable interactions and implementing quantum gates. Here, we engineer dissipation in a flux-tunable transmon qubit by using sideband modulation to bring it into resonance with a lossy resonator, opening an on-demand Purcell decay channel. We find that pulsing this channel on and off does not simply lower the time-averaged decay rate; instead, it reorganizes the dissipation spectrum into a structured interference pattern. A Chebyshev-propagator model for the repeated on/off block reproduces the measured spectra and reveals a close structural correspondence to N-slit Fraunhofer diffraction, with each on-window acting as a temporal aperture. By varying the pulse duration and duty cycle, we demonstrate control over the spacing, contrast, and envelope of the dissipation spectrum. These results establish pulsed parametric modulation as a direct method for shaping engineered dissipation in superconducting circuits and provide a new control knob for open quantum system dynamics.