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International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems

Entanglement-Enabled Communication

Janis Nötzel

Published Oct 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce and analyse a multiple-access channel with two senders and one receiver, in the presence of i.i.d. noise coming from the environment. Partial side information about the environmental states allows the senders to modulate their signals accordingly. An adversarial jammer with its own access to information on environmental states and the modulation signals can jam a fraction of the transmissions. Our results show that for many choices of the system parameters, entanglement shared between the two senders allows them to communicate at non-zero rates with the receiver, while for the same parameters the system forbids any communication without entanglement-assistance, even if the senders have access to common randomness (local correlations).

DOI
10.1109/cits49457.2020.9232521

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We introduce and analyse a multiple-access channel with two senders and one receiver, in the presence of i.i.d. noise coming from the environment. Partial side information about the environmental states allows the senders to modulate their signals accordingly. An adversarial jammer with its own access to information on environmental states and the modulation signals can jam a fraction of the transmissions. Our results show that for many choices of the system parameters, entanglement shared between the two senders allows them to communicate at non-zero rates with the receiver, while for the same parameters the system forbids any communication without entanglement-assistance, even if the senders have access to common randomness (local correlations).
We introduce and analyse a multiple-access channel with two senders and one receiver, in the presence of i.i.d. noise coming from the environment. Partial side information about the environmental states allows the senders to modulate their signals accordingly. An adversarial jammer with its own access to information on environmental states and the modulation signals can jam a fraction of the transmissions. Our results show that for many choices of the system parameters, entanglement shared between the two senders allows them to communicate at non-zero rates with the receiver, while for the same parameters the system forbids any communication without entanglement-assistance, even if the senders have access to common randomness (local correlations). A simplified model displaying a similar behaviour but with a compound channel instead of a jammer is outlined to introduce basic aspects of the modeling. We complement these results by demonstrating that there even exist model parameters for which entanglement-assisted communication is no longer possible, but a hypothetical use of nonlocal no-signalling correlations between Alice and Bob could enable them to communicate to Charlie again.
Shared randomness is the central ingredient for stabilizing symmetrizable communication systems against arbitrarily varying jammers. Given the presence of the jammer, however, the question arises how this precious resource could have been distributed. Several works discuss the use of external sources for this task. In this work, we show, based on the most standard optical communication model, how the sender and receiver can employ entangled two-mode squeezed states to counter the jamming attack of an energy-limited jammer during the distribution phase when both the sender and jammer are allowed to use binary phase shift keying and two-mode squeezed vacuum states.
We consider an N-user multiple-access channel (MAC) with a varying channel state. The senders receive partial state information, but cannot communicate amongst reach other. This particular channels rate region vanishes asymptotically with a growing number of users in the sense of an exponential bound on the sum rate. However, when pre-established quantum entanglement is shared between the senders, the sum rate stays at a constant positive number. Thus a beneficial impact of entanglement-modulated coding for multi-access scenarios where many senders attempt to reach one receiver is demonstrated, a scenario with an increased likelihood in the internet of things.
We initiate the study of passive environment-assisted communication via a quantum channel, modeled as a unitary interaction between the information carrying system and an environment. In this model, the environment is controlled by a benevolent helper, who can set its initial state such as to assist sender and receiver of the communication link (the case of a malicious environment, also known as jammer, or arbitrarily varying channel, is essentially well-understood and comprehensively reviewed). Here, after setting out precise definitions, focusing on the problem of quantum communication, we show that entanglement plays a crucial role in this problem: indeed, the environment-assisted capacity where the helper is restricted to product states between the channel uses is different from the one with unrestricted helper. Furthermore, prior shared entanglement between the helper and the receiver makes a difference, too.
We study the effects of quantum entanglement on the performance of two classical zero-error communication tasks among multiple parties. Both tasks are generalizations of the two-party zero-error channel-coding problem, where a sender and a receiver want to perfectly communicate messages through a one-way classical noisy channel. If the two parties are allowed to share entanglement, there are several positive results that show the existence of channels for which they can communicate strictly more than what they could do with classical resources. In the first task, one sender wants to communicate a common message to multiple receivers. We show that if the number of receivers is greater than a certain threshold then entanglement does not allow for an improvement in the communication for any finite number of uses of the channel. On the other hand, when the number of receivers is fixed, we exhibit a class of channels for which entanglement gives an advantage. The second problem we consider features multiple collaborating senders and one receiver. Classically, cooperation among the senders might allow them to communicate on average more messages than the sum of their individual possibilities. We show that whenever a channel allows single-sender entanglement-assisted advantage, then the gain extends also to the multisender case. Furthermore, we show that entanglement allows for a peculiar amplification of information which cannot happen classically, for a fixed number of uses of the channels.