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Optics Letters

Two-quantum magnetic resonance driven by a comb-like rf field

Eugene A. Tsygankov, Sergei A. Zibrov, Alexander S. Zibrov, Vitali V. Vassiliev, Dmitry S. Chuchelov, Maria I. Vaskovskaya, Sergey Petropavlovsky, Valery P. Yakovlev

Published Aug 13, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report a new method for excitation of magnetic resonance in an optically aligned atomic ensemble. It employs a comb-like rf field acting on the end sublevels of the F g = 1 state separated by the doubled Zeeman frequency. This approach provides a resonance without substructures associated with the quadratic Zeeman shift. A theoretical explanation of the effect is given in terms of the two-quantum transition | F g = 1 , m F g = − 1 ⟩ ⇆ | F g = 1 , m F g = 1 ⟩ and is corroborated by an experiment with 87 R b atoms. Possible advantages of the approach and its range of applicability are discussed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.402272

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We report a new method for excitation of magnetic resonance in an optically aligned atomic ensemble. It employs a comb-like rf field acting on the end sublevels of the F g = 1 state separated by the doubled Zeeman frequency. This approach provides a resonance without substructures associated with the quadratic Zeeman shift. A theoretical explanation of the effect is given in terms of the two-quantum transition | F g = 1 , m F g = − 1 ⟩ ⇆ | F g = 1 , m F g = 1 ⟩ and is corroborated by an experiment with 87 R b atoms. Possible advantages of the approach and its range of applicability are discussed.
A symmetric magneto-optical resonance arising from the single two-quantum RF transition $|{F}_{g}=1,{m}_{{F}_{g}}=\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\rangle}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}|{F}_{g}=1,\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{m}_{{F}_{g}}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ in an optically aligned atomic ensemble is studied in the case when the quadratic Zeeman shift exceeds the width of the resonance. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio of the resonance can be significantly increased by applying the phase modulation to the RF field at a frequency close to the value of quadratic Zeeman shift. This theoretical prediction is corroborated by the experimental results with 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. The proposed technique can be used in magnetometers based on atomic alignment or by utilizing multiquantum RF resonances in optically oriented atomic ensembles.
We theoretically investigate two-quantum magnetic resonance at the end sublevels of the ground state with a total angular momentum F g =1 in application to 87 Rb atoms. In this work, the effect of the elliptically polarized light on the shift of the resonance frequency is studied. Two schemes are compared: when the RF field is harmonic and when a periodic RF pulse train is used. We demonstrate that the latter approach provides a significantly smaller shift, which can be helpful in reducing the heading error in optically pumped magnetometers.
A longitudinal radio-frequency (rf) magnetic field resonating at the Larmor frequency along the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{z}$ direction in the presence of a static transverse magnetic field s investigated. Optical-radio-frequency double resonance in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb characterizes the strength of an external magnetic field through the precession frequency of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms. The measurements are carried out in a paraffin-coated 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb cell with a spin alignment configuration. An intriguing discovery of magnetic resonance peaks is observed at subharmonics of the Larmor frequency, accompanied by the emergence of nonlinear effects in the vicinity of the resonance. Notably, when the Larmor frequency reaches zero, the optical rotation signals induced by the rf magnetic field demonstrate a superposition of high-order harmonics of the rf frequency. Based on the simplified density matrix formalism and perturbation treatment, analytical expressions for the optical rotation are consistent with experimental outcomes. These findings hold the potential of extending our understanding on unveiling the dynamics of population and coherence among Zeeman sublevels, thereby advancing our knowledge in the field of alignment magnetometry.
Theoretical and experimental study of influence of quadratic Zeeman effect on the structure of double radio-optical resonance is presented. A specific transition in 87 Rb atom is considered in the case of excitation with linearly polarized laser radiation and detection of the signal at the second harmonic of the AC magnetic field frequency. It is shown, that for small magnetic fields the magnetic resonance consists of a solitary line similarly to resonance in potassium [1]. However, for magnetic fields greater than 50 μT the line acquires two additional side-peaks without breaking its symmetry and changingposition of resonance center. The described scheme can be used in magnetometry.
By means of the dressed atom concept examined theoretically by Cohen-Tannoudji and Haroche, the misalignment effects of an oscillating rf-field in optical-rf double resonances are investigated. We present a fully quantum mechanical calculation of higher-order effects in the frequency shifts of new coherence resonance for the general case that a spin-1/2 atom interacts with the oscillating rf-field in optical-pumping. It is analytically shown that the new type resonances can occur even by taking account of higher-order effects in the perturbation theory for the oscillating rf-field whose direction makes a special angle from that of a static field, and that the direction of the shift of the resonance field is not along that of the static field but perpendicular to that of the oscillating field. Theoretical results are compared with optical-pumping experiments of cesium vapor.
The evolution of magnetization of optically pumped atoms in the presence of two rotating rf fields with different frequencies is investigated by using the phenomenological Bloch equation. It is shown that the new type resonances, which are due to the effect of the transverse pumping, together with the ordinary magnetic resonance and the multiple quantum transitions are realized under these conditions. It is also shown that the Hanle curve is broadened by a rotating rf field in the same manner as by an oscillating rf field, and is shifted towards high field region as the intensity of the rotating rf field is increased. The results obtained are, in general, applicable to the case of an elliptically rotating rf field, which is superposition of two rotating rf fields.