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IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)

Location-Aided Secure Transmission for Uplink Massive MIMO System Against Full-Duplex Jammer

Zhexian Shen, Kui Xu

Published Jul 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In the study of physical layer security for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the operating mechanism of jammer is often considered simple and fixed, which underestimates the disruption and flexibility of jamming attacks. It is possible for a massive MIMO system to suffer from simultaneous jamming and eavesdropping during the training and transmission phase, or an intelligent jammer may switch the duplex mode so as to match the purpose with lower power consumption. In these cases, the anti-jamming schemes proposed in previous papers may fail, and a robust secure transmission against flexible jamming should be designed. To this end, we mainly focus on the interactions between the base station and jammer in the uplink massive MIMO system, where the jammer is capable of working in full-duplex mode to obstruct the base station and eavesdrop on uplink users simultaneously. The spatial orthogonality brought by the location of jammer and users is used to produce a two-layer combiner at the base station for the purpose of suppressing signals from jamming direction. Under this condition, we prove that the jammer falls into a half-duplex eavesdropper. Then a statistical eavesdropping bound is given without the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of eavesdropping channels, which guides the power control of users in order that the secrecy capacity is optimized.

DOI
10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9163038

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In the study of physical layer security for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the operating mechanism of jammer is often considered simple and fixed, which underestimates the disruption and flexibility of jamming attacks. It is possible for a massive MIMO system to suffer from simultaneous jamming and eavesdropping during the training and transmission phase, or an intelligent jammer may switch the duplex mode so as to match the purpose with lower power consumption. In these cases, the anti-jamming schemes proposed in previous papers may fail, and a robust secure transmission against flexible jamming should be designed. To this end, we mainly focus on the interactions between the base station and jammer in the uplink massive MIMO system, where the jammer is capable of working in full-duplex mode to obstruct the base station and eavesdrop on uplink users simultaneously. The spatial orthogonality brought by the location of jammer and users is used to produce a two-layer combiner at the base station for the purpose of suppressing signals from jamming direction. Under this condition, we prove that the jammer falls into a half-duplex eavesdropper. Then a statistical eavesdropping bound is given without the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of eavesdropping channels, which guides the power control of users in order that the secrecy capacity is optimized.
In this paper, we study the design of secure communication for time division duplexing multi-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with active eavesdropping. We assume that the eavesdropper actively attacks the uplink pilot transmission and the uplink data transmission before eavesdropping the downlink data transmission phase of the desired users. We exploit both the received pilots and data signals for uplink channel estimation. We show analytically that when the number of transmit antennas and the length of the data vector both tend to infinity, the signals of the desired user and the eavesdropper lie in different eigenspaces of the received signal matrix at the base station if their signal powers are different. This finding reveals that decreasing (instead of increasing) the desire user's signal power might be an effective approach to combat a strong active attack from an eavesdropper. Inspired by this result, we propose a data-aided secure downlink transmission scheme and derive an asymptotic achievable secrecy sum-rate expression for the proposed design. Numerical results indicate that under strong active attacks, the proposed design achieves significant secrecy rate gains compared to the conventional design employing matched filter precoding and artificial noise generation.
In this paper, we investigate secure and reliable transmission strategies for multi-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output systems with a multi-antenna active eavesdropper. We consider a time-division duplex system where uplink training is required and an active eavesdropper can attack the training phase to cause pilot contamination at the transmitter. This forces the precoder used in the subsequent downlink transmission phase to implicitly beamform toward the eavesdropper, thus increasing its received signal power. Assuming matched filter precoding and artificial noise (AN) generation at the transmitter, we derive an asymptotic achievable secrecy rate when the number of transmit antennas approaches infinity. For the case of a single-antenna active eavesdropper, we obtain a closed-form expression for the optimal power allocation policy for the transmit signal and the AN, and find the minimum transmit power required to ensure reliable secure communication. Furthermore, we show that the transmit antenna correlation diversity of the intended users and the eavesdropper can be exploited in order to improve the secrecy rate. In fact, under certain orthogonality conditions of the channel covariance matrices, the secrecy rate loss introduced by the eavesdropper can be completely mitigated.
In this paper, we investigate secure and reliable transmission strategies for multi-cell multi-user massive multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) systems in the presence of an active eavesdropper. We consider a time-division duplex system where uplink training is required and an active eavesdropper can attack the training phase to cause pilot contamination at the transmitter. This forces the precoder used in the subsequent downlink transmission phase to implicitly beamform towards the eavesdropper, thus increasing its received signal power. We derive an asymptotic achievable secrecy rate for matched filter precoding and artificial noise (AN) generation at the transmitter when the number of transmit antennas goes to infinity. For the achievability scheme at hand, we obtain the optimal power allocation policy for the transmit signal and the AN in closed form. For the case of correlated fading channels, we show that the impact of the active eavesdropper can be completely removed if the transmit correlation matrices of the users and the eavesdropper are orthogonal. Inspired by this result, we propose a precoder null space design exploiting the low rank property of the transmit correlation matrices of massive MIMO channels, which can significantly degrade the eavesdropping capabilities of the active eavesdropper.
This paper considers a massive MIMO network that includes one multiple-antenna base station, one multiple-antenna eavesdropper, and K single-antenna users. The eavesdropper operates in passive mode and tries to overhear the confidential information from one of the users in the down-link transmission. In order to secure the confidential information, two artificial noise (AN)-aiding schemes are proposed. In the first scheme, AN is injected into the downlink training signals to prevent the eavesdropper from obtaining the correct channel state information of the eavesdropping link. In the second scheme, AN is deployed in both downlink training phase and payload data transmission phase to further degrade the eavesdropping channel. Analytical expressions and tight approximations of the achievable secrecy rate of the considered systems are derived with taking imperfect channel estimation and two types of precoding, i.e., maximum-ratio-transmission and zero-forcing, into consideration. Optimization algorithms for power allocation are proposed to enhance the secrecy performance of the proposed AN-aiding schemes. The results reveal that deploying AN in the downlink training phase of massive MIMO networks does not affect the downlink channel estimation process at users while enabling the system to suppress the downlink channel estimation process at eavesdropper. As a consequence, the proposed AN-aided schemes improve the system performance significantly. Furthermore, implementing AN in both phases allows the considered system having a flexible solution to maximize its secrecy performance at the price of higher complexity.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of a full-duplex base station (BS)-aided system in the worst case, where an uplink transmitter (UT) and a downlink receiver (DR) are equipped with a single antenna, while a powerful eavesdropper is equipped with multiple antennas. For securing the confidentiality of signals transmitted from the BS and UT, an artificial noise (AN)-aided secrecy beamforming scheme is proposed, which is robust to the realistic imperfect state information of both the eavesdropping channel and the residual self-interference channel. Our objective function is that of maximizing the worst-case sum secrecy rate achieved by the BS and UT, through jointly optimizing the beamforming vector of the confidential signals and the transmit covariance matrix of the AN. However, the resulting optimization problem is non-convex and non-linear. In order to efficiently obtain the solution, we transform the non-convex problem into a sequence of convex problems by adopting the block coordinate descent algorithm. We invoke a linear matrix inequality for finding its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solution. In order to evaluate the achievable performance, the worst-case secrecy rate is analytically derived. Furthermore, we construct another secrecy transmission scheme using the projection matrix theory for performance comparison. Our simulation results show that the proposed robust secrecy transmission scheme achieves substantial secrecy performance gains, which verifies the efficiency of the proposed method.
An overview over secure communication in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is presented. A massive MIMO base-station serves multiple user nodes by provisioning physical layer security techniques to secure the confidential transmissions against an eavesdropper. The eavesdropper can either be passively eavesdropping upon the communication or can actively contaminate the channel estimates. The achievable secrecy rates for these settings are reviewed, and their asymptotic behavior is discussed. Finally, a detection scheme for active pilot contamination attacks is discussed.