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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Formation of ultracold ground-state CsYb molecules via Feshbach-optimized photoassociation

Zhi-Xin Sun, Yang Hai, Bing-Kuan Lyu, Gao‐Ren Wang, Shu‐Lin Cong

Published Aug 10, 2020• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigate theoretically the formation of ultracold ground-state CsYb molecules on the lowest vibrational level via the Feshbach-optimized photoassociation process. Three s-wave Feshbach resonances of CsYb are found. The probability density of the scattering state in the short-range internuclear distance is significantly enhanced near the resonance positions. The population transfer efficiency reaches its maximum when the pulse duration equals half a period of the Rabi oscillation. By using the optimized laser parameters including the peak intensity and detuning, the final population of the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state reaches order of 10 −1 in the four-laser scheme.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/abade3

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A Feshbach-optimized photoassociation for preparing ultracold 40K87Rb^{40}\mathrm{K}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}40K87Rb molecules with short pulses is investigated theoretically. The total probability density of the coupled hyperfine states is greatly enhanced at short interatomic separations in the vicinity of magnetically tuned Feshbach resonances. Due to the coupling of the free hyperfine state with different bound hyperfine states, the maximal probability density distributes at different interatomic regions and determines the choice of the intermediate state. By using the spin-orbit coupling of the excited states, the population is successfully transferred to the singlet ground state $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}$ from the initial state mostly having triplet state character. By comparing the final population in the vicinity of Feshbach resonances at B0=546.80{B}_{0}=546.80B0​=546.80 and 659.34 G, our results show that a Feshbach resonance corresponding to a more deeply bound vibrational level can enhance the photoassociation efficiency of ultracold atoms to some degree.
Optical Feshbach resonances [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 193001 (2005)] and pump-dump photoassociation with short laser pulses [Phys. Rev. A 73, 033408 (2006)] have been proposed as means to coherently form stable ultracold-alkali-metal dimer molecules. In an optical Feshbach resonance, the intensity and possibly frequency of a cw laser are ramped up linearly followed by a sudden switch-off of the laser. This is applicable to tightly trapped atom pairs. In short-pulse photoassociation, the pump pulse forms a wave packet in an electronically excited state. The ensuing dynamics carries the wave packet to shorter internuclear distances where, after half a vibrational period, it can be deexcited to the electronic ground state by the dump pulse. Short-pulse photoassociation is suited for both shallow and tight traps. The applicability of these two means to produce ultracold molecules is investigated here for 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr. Dipole-allowed transitions proceeding via the $B\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$ excited state as well as transitions near the intercombination line are studied.
We investigate theoretically the preparation of ultracold photoassociated Cs 2 molecules in the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state via the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using the mapped Fourier grid method. A negative chirped laser pulse is used to produce the unstable photoassociated molecules in the excited electronic state. A dump pulse is utilized to transfer a partial population of the unstable photoassociated molecules to the vibrational v″ = 18 level of the ground electronic state. This part of population is then transferred to the v″ = 0 level of the ground electronic state by the pump and Stokes laser pulses via an intermediate state which is taken to be the v′ = 7 level of the excited electronic state, forming the stable photoassociated molecules. The population transfer efficiency from v″ = 18 to v″ = 0 in the ground electronic state reaches 96.2% via the STIRAP.