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Applications of Mathematics

On joint distribution in quantum logics. I. Compatible observables

Anatolij Dvurečenskij

Published Jan 1, 1987• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The notion of a joint distribution in $\sigma$-finite measures of observables of a quantum logic defined on some system of $\sigma$-independent Boolean sub-$\sigma$-algebras of a Boolean $\sigma$-algebra is studied. In the present first part of the paper the author studies a joint distribution of compatible observables. It is shown that it may exists, although a joint obsevable of compatible observables need not exist.

DOI
10.21136/am.1987.104274

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On joint distribution in quantum logics. II. Noncompatible observables

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This paper i a continuation of the first part under the same title. The author studies a joint distribution in $\sigma$-finite measures for noncompatible observables of a quantum logic defined on some system of $\sigma$-independent Boolean sub-$\sigma$-algebras of a Boolean $\sigma$-algebra. We present some necessary and sufficient conditions fot the existence of a joint distribution. In particular, it is shown that an arbitrary system of obsevables has a joint distribution in a measure iff it may be embedded into a system of compatible observables of some quantum logic. The methods used are different from those developed for finite measures. Finally, the author deals with the connection between the existence of a joint distribution and the existence of a commutator of observables, and the quantum logic of a nonseparable Hilbert space is mentioned.

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In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A model involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. It includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probability conditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lüders-von Neumann measurement process. This motivates the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. Their meanings are: the absence of quantum interference or influence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final state after two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements. A further level means that two elements of the quantum logic (events) belong to the same Boolean subalgebra. In the general case, the five compatibility and comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.

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Complete sets of compatible non selfadjoint observables

Giuseppina Epifanio, Todor S. Todorov, Camillo Trapanı

Compatibility for observables understood as symmetric but not selfadjoint operators is defined in terms of commutation of the isometry semigroups that they generate. Compatible observables are shown to admit a joint distribution. The completeness of a set of commuting observables is discussed by means of the generated von Neumann algebra

•Feb 4, 1992•4 citations
The notion of a joint distribution in σ\sigmaσ-finite measures of observables of a quantum logic defined on some system of σ\sigmaσ-independent Boolean sub-σ\sigmaσ-algebras of a Boolean σ\sigmaσ-algebra is studied. In the present first part of the paper the author studies a joint distribution of compatible observables. It is shown that it may exists, although a joint obsevable of compatible observables need not exist.
This paper i a continuation of the first part under the same title. The author studies a joint distribution in σ\sigmaσ-finite measures for noncompatible observables of a quantum logic defined on some system of σ\sigmaσ-independent Boolean sub-σ\sigmaσ-algebras of a Boolean σ\sigmaσ-algebra. We present some necessary and sufficient conditions fot the existence of a joint distribution. In particular, it is shown that an arbitrary system of obsevables has a joint distribution in a measure iff it may be embedded into a system of compatible observables of some quantum logic. The methods used are different from those developed for finite measures. Finally, the author deals with the connection between the existence of a joint distribution and the existence of a commutator of observables, and the quantum logic of a nonseparable Hilbert space is mentioned.
This paper deals with the topics of modeling joint distributions on a generalized probability space. An algebraic structure known as quantum logic is taken as the basic model. There is a brief summary of some earlier published findings concerning a function s-map, which is a mathematical tool suitable for constructing virtual joint probabilities of even non-compatible propositions. The paper completes conclusions published in 2020 and extends the results for three or more random variables if the marginal distributions are known. The existence of a (n+1)-variate joint distribution is shown in special cases when the quantum logic consists of at most n blocks of Boolean algebras.
We study a conditional state on a quantum logic using Renyi's approach (or Bayesian principle). This approach helps us to define independence of events and differently from the situation in the classical theory of probability, if an event aaa is independent of an event bbb, then the event bbb can be dependent on the event aaa. We will show that we can define a sss-map (function for simultaneous measurements on a quantum logic). It can be shown that if we have the conditional state we can define the sss-map and conversely. By using the sss-map we can introduce joint distribution also for noncompatible observables on a quantum logic.
In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A model involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. It includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probability conditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lüders-von Neumann measurement process. This motivates the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. Their meanings are: the absence of quantum interference or influence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final state after two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements. A further level means that two elements of the quantum logic (events) belong to the same Boolean subalgebra. In the general case, the five compatibility and comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.