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Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki

Quantum statistics of multimode lasing and noise in the method of intracavity laser spectroscopy

Vladimir R. Mironenko, Vladimir I. Yudson

Published Oct 1, 1980• 0 citations
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Quantum statistics of multimode lasing and noise in intracavity laser spectroscopy

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A model using rate equations which allow for quantum noise is used to make a theoretical analysis of the steady-state lasing regime of a cw dye laser. Equations describing the laser performance are derived in the adiabatic approximation neglecting spatial inhomogeneities in the burnup of the active medium. An investigation is made of the stability of steady-state multimode laser action and it is found that this is weak in certain modes. Calculations are made of correlation functions describing fluctuations in the numbers of photons in the modes and fluctuations in the total intensity. Although the fluctuations in individual modes are large, the integrated intensity fluctuates negligibly. An analysis is made of the influence of quantum intensity fluctuations on the attainment of maximum sensitivity in intracavity laser spectroscopy.

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Laser intracavity absorption magnetometry for optical quantum sensing

J. M. Wollenberg, F. Perona, A. Palaci +6 more

Intracavity absorption spectroscopy (ICAS) is a well-established technique for detecting weak absorption signals with ultrahigh sensitivity. Here, we extend this concept to magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We introduce laser intracavity absorption magnetometry (LICAM), a concept that is in principle applicable to a broader class of optical quantum sensors, including optically pumped magnetometers. Using an electrically driven, edge-emitting diode laser that operates self-sustainably, we show that LICAM enables highly sensitive magnetometers operating under ambient conditions. Near the lasing threshold, we achieve a 475-fold enhancement in optical contrast and a 180-fold improvement in magnetic sensitivity compared with a conventional single-pass geometry. The experimental results are accurately described by a rate-equation model for single-mode diode lasers. From our measurements, we determine a projected shot-noise-limited sensitivity in the $\mathrm{pT}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ range and simulate that, with realistic device improvements, shot-noise limited sensitivities down to the $\mathrm{fT}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ scale are attainable.

quant-pharXiv:2512.24951•Jan 1, 2026

Photocount statistics for pump-noise-suppressed lasers

Chang Jun Zhu, Carlton M. Caves

A laser with a Poissonian random pump, operated far above threshold, has Poissonian statistics both for the intracavity photon number and for extracavity photocounts. We analyze a pump-noise-suppressed laser using the positive P representation. When the pump noise is suppressed below a critical level, the intracavity photon-number distribution becomes sub-Poissonian.1,2 When the spontaneous decay of the upper lasing level is also eliminated, intracavity photon-number fluctuations can be diminished by a factor up to half. For counting times much shorter than the cavity decay time, the extracavity photocount statistics are essentially Poissonian, since cavity decay dominates. For counting times comparable with or larger than the cavity lifetime, the extracavity photocount statistics become sub-Poissonian. In the limit that intracavity photon-number fluctuations are diminished by one half, the extracavity photocount noise can be completely suppressed for counting times much longer than the cavity lifetime. The cavity mode occupies an incoherent superposition of two states 180° out of phase, both of which diffuse in phase. In the microlaser regime, quantum diffusion between these two states can result in 180° phase jumps, which are in addition to ordinary phase diffusion.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1991•0 citations
A model using rate equations which allow for quantum noise is used to make a theoretical analysis of the steady-state lasing regime of a cw dye laser. Equations describing the laser performance are derived in the adiabatic approximation neglecting spatial inhomogeneities in the burnup of the active medium. An investigation is made of the stability of steady-state multimode laser action and it is found that this is weak in certain modes. Calculations are made of correlation functions describing fluctuations in the numbers of photons in the modes and fluctuations in the total intensity. Although the fluctuations in individual modes are large, the integrated intensity fluctuates negligibly. An analysis is made of the influence of quantum intensity fluctuations on the attainment of maximum sensitivity in intracavity laser spectroscopy.
Intracavity absorption spectroscopy (ICAS) is a well-established technique for detecting weak absorption signals with ultrahigh sensitivity. Here, we extend this concept to magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We introduce laser intracavity absorption magnetometry (LICAM), a concept that is in principle applicable to a broader class of optical quantum sensors, including optically pumped magnetometers. Using an electrically driven, edge-emitting diode laser that operates self-sustainably, we show that LICAM enables highly sensitive magnetometers operating under ambient conditions. Near the lasing threshold, we achieve a 475-fold enhancement in optical contrast and a 180-fold improvement in magnetic sensitivity compared with a conventional single-pass geometry. The experimental results are accurately described by a rate-equation model for single-mode diode lasers. From our measurements, we determine a projected shot-noise-limited sensitivity in the pT Hz−1/2\mathrm{pT}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}pTHz−1/2 range and simulate that, with realistic device improvements, shot-noise limited sensitivities down to the fT Hz−1/2\mathrm{fT}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}fTHz−1/2 scale are attainable.
A laser with a Poissonian random pump, operated far above threshold, has Poissonian statistics both for the intracavity photon number and for extracavity photocounts. We analyze a pump-noise-suppressed laser using the positive P representation. When the pump noise is suppressed below a critical level, the intracavity photon-number distribution becomes sub-Poissonian.1,2 When the spontaneous decay of the upper lasing level is also eliminated, intracavity photon-number fluctuations can be diminished by a factor up to half. For counting times much shorter than the cavity decay time, the extracavity photocount statistics are essentially Poissonian, since cavity decay dominates. For counting times comparable with or larger than the cavity lifetime, the extracavity photocount statistics become sub-Poissonian. In the limit that intracavity photon-number fluctuations are diminished by one half, the extracavity photocount noise can be completely suppressed for counting times much longer than the cavity lifetime. The cavity mode occupies an incoherent superposition of two states 180° out of phase, both of which diffuse in phase. In the microlaser regime, quantum diffusion between these two states can result in 180° phase jumps, which are in addition to ordinary phase diffusion.