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Journal of Optics

A theoretical proposal for the tunable electromagnetically induced transparency with superior properties based on the solid-state plasma

Fenying Li, Tao Zhang, Mingyu Mao, Haifeng Zhang

Published Aug 4, 2020• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Based on the solid-state plasma (SSP), a metamaterial analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT-like) with superior properties is theoretically proposed, including tunability, a large group index, and delay-bandwidth product (DBP), polarization independence, and low-loss. By exciting different specific parts of the SSP, the EIT-like peak frequency switches from 8.518 GHz with 90.92% transmissivity in state I to 11.26 GHz with 93.76% transmissivity in state II, i.e. a 2.742 GHz shift. Meanwhile, the metamaterial has 0.679 ns or 1.314 ns group delay, 453 or 876.1 group index, and 0.422 or 1 DBP in state I or III. Additionally, the transmission curves are the same under the circular polarization waves or linear polarization waves at any angle. The low-loss feature is likewise demonstrated. Therefore, the EIT-like metamaterial has superior properties for related applications, especially in slow light, sensing, switching, and communication.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/abac21

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Based on solid-state plasma (SSP), an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) metamaterial is proposed. Simulations illustrate that the given metamaterial has the characteristics of adjustment, polarization insensitivity, and low dissipation. Because SSP can be coordinated in state I, the ideal transmittance frequency band can cover 8.0335–9.02531 GHz (a narrow band). If the regulatory status is switched to state II, that frequency region will alter to 9.7982–12.9275 GHz (a broad band). As SSP can be switched back and forth between states I and II under actual demand, the tailored EIT metamaterial can be achieved. The maximum group delays of state I and state II are 0.9437 ns and 0.5546 ns, respectively, and the maximum group refractive indices are 526.60 and 300.45, respectively, which conforms to its slow light characteristic. Regardless of how the polarization angle changes, the two transmission valleys of state I are at 7.9172 GHz and 10.4446 GHz, and the transmission peak is situated at 8.2091 GHz, and those values of state II are 9.3777 GHz, 13.9600 GHz, and 10.1920 GHz, respectively, which proves that the obtained EIT is polarization independent and also has a low dissipation factor. Such an EIT metamaterial has excellent properties in sensing, communication, slow light, and other fields.

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Applied Physics Letters•Mar 31, 2014•63 citations
Abstract Based on the solid-state plasma (SSP), a metamaterial analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT-like) with superior properties is theoretically proposed, including tunability, a large group index, and delay-bandwidth product (DBP), polarization independence, and low-loss. By exciting different specific parts of the SSP, the EIT-like peak frequency switches from 8.518 GHz with 90.92% transmissivity in state I to 11.26 GHz with 93.76% transmissivity in state II, i.e. a 2.742 GHz shift. Meanwhile, the metamaterial has 0.679 ns or 1.314 ns group delay, 453 or 876.1 group index, and 0.422 or 1 DBP in state I or III. Additionally, the transmission curves are the same under the circular polarization waves or linear polarization waves at any angle. The low-loss feature is likewise demonstrated. Therefore, the EIT-like metamaterial has superior properties for related applications, especially in slow light, sensing, switching, and communication.
Based on solid-state plasma (SSP), an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) metamaterial is proposed. Simulations illustrate that the given metamaterial has the characteristics of adjustment, polarization insensitivity, and low dissipation. Because SSP can be coordinated in state I, the ideal transmittance frequency band can cover 8.0335–9.02531 GHz (a narrow band). If the regulatory status is switched to state II, that frequency region will alter to 9.7982–12.9275 GHz (a broad band). As SSP can be switched back and forth between states I and II under actual demand, the tailored EIT metamaterial can be achieved. The maximum group delays of state I and state II are 0.9437 ns and 0.5546 ns, respectively, and the maximum group refractive indices are 526.60 and 300.45, respectively, which conforms to its slow light characteristic. Regardless of how the polarization angle changes, the two transmission valleys of state I are at 7.9172 GHz and 10.4446 GHz, and the transmission peak is situated at 8.2091 GHz, and those values of state II are 9.3777 GHz, 13.9600 GHz, and 10.1920 GHz, respectively, which proves that the obtained EIT is polarization independent and also has a low dissipation factor. Such an EIT metamaterial has excellent properties in sensing, communication, slow light, and other fields.
In this paper, an electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial simultaneously coupled with the incident electric and magnetic fields is designed and presented theoretically, whereas its reconfigurability, slow-wave effect, low-loss, and polarization insensitivity are analyzed and discussed principally. Based on the tunable solid-state plasma, there is a transmission peak with a 92.06% transmission at 0.544 THz in State 1 and a transmission peak with a 92.84% transmission at 0.7535 THz in State 2, thus achieving a frequency shift of 0.2085 THz. The maximum group delay, group index, and delay-bandwidth product in State 1 or 2, which are 723.7 ps or 494.7 ps, 1024.1 or 700.1, and 48.5 or 36.1, respectively, and the excellent slow-wave effects are discussed. In addition, the low-loss and polarization insensitivity are realized by rotating the split-ring resonators 180° and twisting the planar structure 90°. Considering the unique features of the designed metamaterial, it can be extensively applied to slow-light devices, communication, sensors, and nonlinear devices.
Abstract Based on graphene, an ultra-broadband electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window with dynamic tunability is realized in theory. Through altering the Fermi level of graphene that can be regulated by the external voltage, the EIT window and the EIT effect, especially the slow-wave effect, can be easily adjusted. Moreover, the bandwidth of the EIT window can be changed by the incidence angle, achieving the transformation from broadband to narrowband. At the same time, by discussing the polarization state and loss index, the characteristics of polarization insensitivity and low loss are proved. Additionally, the influences of other parameters are discussed, such as the relaxation time of graphene and coupling distance. These unique features enable the designed EIT metamaterial to be masterly applied to optical switches, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
Abstract A chiral metamaterial based on vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) is proposed to realize the ultrafast active control of an electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect. The design of the tunable metamaterial is based on the heat-induced insulator-to-metal transition of VO 2 and a tunable transmission peak with circular polarization selectivity is achieved. For the right circular polarization (RCP) laser incidence, the sharp EIT-like peak is generated and rises with the increasing signal powers, which has not happened in the left circular polarization (LCP) incident condition. The spin-dependent phenomenon in time domain is also observed and the slow light effect in the metamaterial yields a tunable time delay up to 4 ns. Therefore, the tunable EIT-like effect with chiral selectivity is presented and highlights its practical applications in programmable metamaterial regions and slow light devices, etc.
Polarization-insensitive electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on ultra-thin coupling planar metamaterials has been numerically demonstrated. The height (h) of ultra-thin coupling planar metamaterials can reach to 1/94 λ, which is the thinnest height so far. Such ultra-thin EIT metamaterials can reduce the cost of production. When the angles of the incident electromagnetic wave are changed, the EIT metamaterials show polarization-insensitive characteristics. When the height of the EIT metamaterials gradually increases, the group index gradually decreases and the transmission peak value and h/λ gradually increase. All of above characteristics make the ultra-thin coupling EIT have potential application in slow light devices. In addition, using the coupling of the top and below layer has proposed a way to obtain ultra-thin metamaterials in the microwave region.
In this manuscript, we experimentally demonstrate magnetically coupled electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analogy effect inside dielectric metamaterial. In contrast to previous studies employed different metallic topological microstructures to introduce dissipation loss change, barium strontium titanate, and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) are chosen as the bright and dark EIT resonators, respectively, due to their different intrinsic dielectric loss. Under incident magnetic field excitation, dielectric metamaterial exhibits an EIT-type transparency window around 8.9 GHz, which is accompanied by abrupt change of transmission phase. Numerical calculations show good agreement with experiment spectra and reveal remarkably increased group index, indicating potential application in slow light.