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Smart innovation, systems and technologies

Research on Physical Layer Security of NOMA System with Passive Eavesdropping

Xiaohua Lü, Yucheng He, Liangmei Zhang, Jianquan Yang, Lin Zhou

Published Jul 28, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-15-5879-5_12

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NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) has been recognized as new multiple access technology for wireless communication networks of the fifth generation and beyond, owing to its ability to improve spectral efficiency, support massive connectivity, and provide user fairness. However, it has been observed that the superposition-based transmission principle of NOMA is highly susceptible to eavesdropping attacks, especially in an open wireless network where all wireless communications are inherently broadcast in nature. Hence, ensuring secure wireless communications for NOMA systems has now become an important area of research. This research aims to improve the secrecy level of wireless communications for NOMA systems by employing Physical Layer Security (PLS) techniques. Specifically, two prominent PLS techniques, Artificial Noise (AN) and Cooperative Jamming (CJ), have been employed to provide security against passive eavesdropping attacks. The cooperative NOMA system architecture is considered, and the secrecy enhancement is analyzed for two possible scenarios when the eavesdropper is close to the relay node and when the eavesdropper is close to the base station. The secrecy performance of the proposed system is analyzed through various parameters, namely, Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), Secrecy Capacity (SC), Secrecy Rate (SR), and Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE) in terms of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The numerical results for the secrecy metrics are obtained through MATLAB-based simulations, whereas the system-level model is developed using the Simulink platform to verify the suggested system's functionality in the presence of AN and CJ for the legitimate NOMA users and the eavesdropper. The results show that the secrecy performance is significantly enhanced with the introduction of AN and CJ, and the system shows robust performance in terms of energy efficiency. This paper provides significant insights into the design of the NOMA system from the secrecy perspective and validates the potential of PLS techniques for the design of the future wireless system.

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Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been viewed as a potential candidate for the upcoming generation of wireless communication systems. Comparing to traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA), multiplexing users in the same time-frequency resource block can increase the number of served users and improve the efficiency of the systems in terms of spectral efficiency. Nevertheless, from a security viewpoint, when multiple users are utilizing the same time-frequency resource, there may be concerns regarding keeping information confidential. In this context, physical layer security (PLS) has been introduced as a supplement of protection to conventional encryption techniques by making use of the random nature of wireless transmission media for ensuring communication secrecy. The recent years have seen significant interests in PLS being applied to NOMA networks. Numerous scenarios have been investigated to assess the security of NOMA systems, including when active and passive eavesdroppers are present, as well as when these systems, are combined with relay and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). Additionally, the security of the ambient backscatter (AmB)-NOMA systems are other issues that have lately drawn a lot of attention. In this article, a thorough analysis of the PLS-assisted NOMA systems research state-of-the-art is presented. In this regard, we begin by outlining the foundations of NOMA and PLS, respectively. Following that, we discuss the PLS performances for NOMA systems in four categories depending on the type of the eavesdropper, the existence of relay, RIS, and AmB systems in different conditions. Finally, a thorough explanation of the most recent PLS-assisted NOMA systems is given.

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NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) has been recognized as new multiple access technology for wireless communication networks of the fifth generation and beyond, owing to its ability to improve spectral efficiency, support massive connectivity, and provide user fairness. However, it has been observed that the superposition-based transmission principle of NOMA is highly susceptible to eavesdropping attacks, especially in an open wireless network where all wireless communications are inherently broadcast in nature. Hence, ensuring secure wireless communications for NOMA systems has now become an important area of research. This research aims to improve the secrecy level of wireless communications for NOMA systems by employing Physical Layer Security (PLS) techniques. Specifically, two prominent PLS techniques, Artificial Noise (AN) and Cooperative Jamming (CJ), have been employed to provide security against passive eavesdropping attacks. The cooperative NOMA system architecture is considered, and the secrecy enhancement is analyzed for two possible scenarios when the eavesdropper is close to the relay node and when the eavesdropper is close to the base station. The secrecy performance of the proposed system is analyzed through various parameters, namely, Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), Secrecy Capacity (SC), Secrecy Rate (SR), and Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE) in terms of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The numerical results for the secrecy metrics are obtained through MATLAB-based simulations, whereas the system-level model is developed using the Simulink platform to verify the suggested system's functionality in the presence of AN and CJ for the legitimate NOMA users and the eavesdropper. The results show that the secrecy performance is significantly enhanced with the introduction of AN and CJ, and the system shows robust performance in terms of energy efficiency. This paper provides significant insights into the design of the NOMA system from the secrecy perspective and validates the potential of PLS techniques for the design of the future wireless system.
Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been viewed as a potential candidate for the upcoming generation of wireless communication systems. Comparing to traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA), multiplexing users in the same time-frequency resource block can increase the number of served users and improve the efficiency of the systems in terms of spectral efficiency. Nevertheless, from a security viewpoint, when multiple users are utilizing the same time-frequency resource, there may be concerns regarding keeping information confidential. In this context, physical layer security (PLS) has been introduced as a supplement of protection to conventional encryption techniques by making use of the random nature of wireless transmission media for ensuring communication secrecy. The recent years have seen significant interests in PLS being applied to NOMA networks. Numerous scenarios have been investigated to assess the security of NOMA systems, including when active and passive eavesdroppers are present, as well as when these systems, are combined with relay and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). Additionally, the security of the ambient backscatter (AmB)-NOMA systems are other issues that have lately drawn a lot of attention. In this article, a thorough analysis of the PLS-assisted NOMA systems research state-of-the-art is presented. In this regard, we begin by outlining the foundations of NOMA and PLS, respectively. Following that, we discuss the PLS performances for NOMA systems in four categories depending on the type of the eavesdropper, the existence of relay, RIS, and AmB systems in different conditions. Finally, a thorough explanation of the most recent PLS-assisted NOMA systems is given.