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Theoretical Study by the Atomic Density Matrix Formalism of the Transfer of Polarized Radiation in the Presence of Intermediate or Strong Magnetic Field

V. Bommier, Egidio Landi Degl’Innocenti

Published Jan 15, 1992• 0 citations
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Diagnostic of the magnetic field vector using the atomic density matrix formalism.

V. Bommier, Egidio Landi Degl’Innocenti, Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot

The authors present the work which has been done and which is being done using the atomic density matrix formalism, for the interpretation of linear polarization measurements, leading to the magnetic field diagnostic in astrophysical media. This formalism has been used for interpreting polarization data from solar prominences, leading to original results on the prominence magnetic field obtained through the Hanle effect. An attempt is made to solve the coupled problem of polarized radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium in the case of weak, intermediate and strong magnetic fields, using a method of the integral method type; the advantages of this method, with respect to other methods, of the differential method type, are briefly discussed.

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The polarized spectrum of hydrogen in the presence of electric and magnetic fields

R. Casini, Egidio Landi Degl’Innocenti

The polarization properties of a beam of radiation interacting with a hydrogen atom subject to simultaneous stationary electric and magnetic fields are investigated, assuming no constraints on the direction of the two fields. The problem of determining the energy eigenstates is solved within the theory of Rayleigh-Schrodinger for the stationary perturbations (the contributions of the fine and hyperfine structure of the energy spectrum are also accounted for). Then the polarized transition rates (for absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission) are evaluated according to the methods of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics, adopting the density matrix formalism which allows one to deal with partially polarized states of the atomic and the radiation field systems

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Angular distribution and polarization of atomic radiative emission in electric and magnetic fields

V. L. Jacobs, Alex B. Filuk

A density-matrix approach has been developed for the angular distribution and polarization of radiative emission during single-photon atomic transitions for a general set of steady-state excitation processes in an arbitrary arrangement of static (or quasistatic) electric and magnetic fields. Particular attention has been directed at spectroscopic observations in the intense fields of the high-power ion diodes on the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II) and SABRE devices at Sandia National Laboratories and at magnetic-field measurements in tokamak plasmas. The field-dependent atomic eigenstates are represented as expansions in a complete basis set of field-free bound and continuum eigenstates. Particular emphasis has been given to directed-electron collisional excitations, which may be produced by an anisotropic incident-electron velocity distribution. We have allowed for the possibility of the coherent excitation of the nearly degenerate field-dependent atomic substates, which can give rise to a complex spectral pattern of overlapping Stark-Zeeman components. Coherent excitations may be produced by a beam of electrons that are spin-polarized at an angle with respect to the propagation direction or by nonparallel electric and magnetic fields. Our main result is a general expression for the matrix elements of the photon-polarization density operator representing the total intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the atomic radiative emission. For the observation of radiative emission in the direction of the magnetic field, the detection of linearly polarized emission, in addition to the usual circularly polarized radiation, can reveal the presence of a perpendicular electric field or a coherent excitation mechanism.

Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1999•13 citations
The authors present the work which has been done and which is being done using the atomic density matrix formalism, for the interpretation of linear polarization measurements, leading to the magnetic field diagnostic in astrophysical media. This formalism has been used for interpreting polarization data from solar prominences, leading to original results on the prominence magnetic field obtained through the Hanle effect. An attempt is made to solve the coupled problem of polarized radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium in the case of weak, intermediate and strong magnetic fields, using a method of the integral method type; the advantages of this method, with respect to other methods, of the differential method type, are briefly discussed.
The polarization properties of a beam of radiation interacting with a hydrogen atom subject to simultaneous stationary electric and magnetic fields are investigated, assuming no constraints on the direction of the two fields. The problem of determining the energy eigenstates is solved within the theory of Rayleigh-Schrodinger for the stationary perturbations (the contributions of the fine and hyperfine structure of the energy spectrum are also accounted for). Then the polarized transition rates (for absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission) are evaluated according to the methods of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics, adopting the density matrix formalism which allows one to deal with partially polarized states of the atomic and the radiation field systems
A density-matrix approach has been developed for the angular distribution and polarization of radiative emission during single-photon atomic transitions for a general set of steady-state excitation processes in an arbitrary arrangement of static (or quasistatic) electric and magnetic fields. Particular attention has been directed at spectroscopic observations in the intense fields of the high-power ion diodes on the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II) and SABRE devices at Sandia National Laboratories and at magnetic-field measurements in tokamak plasmas. The field-dependent atomic eigenstates are represented as expansions in a complete basis set of field-free bound and continuum eigenstates. Particular emphasis has been given to directed-electron collisional excitations, which may be produced by an anisotropic incident-electron velocity distribution. We have allowed for the possibility of the coherent excitation of the nearly degenerate field-dependent atomic substates, which can give rise to a complex spectral pattern of overlapping Stark-Zeeman components. Coherent excitations may be produced by a beam of electrons that are spin-polarized at an angle with respect to the propagation direction or by nonparallel electric and magnetic fields. Our main result is a general expression for the matrix elements of the photon-polarization density operator representing the total intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the atomic radiative emission. For the observation of radiative emission in the direction of the magnetic field, the detection of linearly polarized emission, in addition to the usual circularly polarized radiation, can reveal the presence of a perpendicular electric field or a coherent excitation mechanism.