Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

Secure Cooperative Hybrid VLC-RF Systems

Gaofeng Pan, Jia Ye, Chao Zhang, Jianping An, Hongjiang Lei, Zhiguo Ding, Mohamed‐Slim Alouini

Published Jul 15, 2020• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a cooperative hybrid visible light communication (VLC)-radio frequency (RF) system with spatially random terminals is considered. Especially, a source node ($S$) with a group of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps transmits information bits to a destination ($D$), which is located out of$S$’s coverage area, via a relay node ($R$).$R$is equipped with a photodetector and an antenna to set up a VLC link between$S$and$R$, and a radio frequency (RF) link between$R$and$D$, respectively. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper ($E$) equipped with a photodetector and an antenna tries to overhear the information delivery over VLC and RF links. Also, diversity receiving scheme is considered at$E$, while the same modulation scheme is considered over both VLC and RF links. Furthermore, decode-and-forward scheme is adopted at$R$to process and forward the received VLC signals. By employing stochastic geometry, we first characterize the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-noise-ratio over both VLC and RF links, while considering the randomness of the locations of both$R$,$E$, and$D$. Then, the secrecy performance of the target system is studied by deriving the approximated expressions for the secrecy outage probability under various cases. Finally, the proposed analytical models are verified via Monte-Carlo simulations.

DOI
10.1109/twc.2020.3007937

Related papers

Secrecy Performance for Hybrid RF/VLC DF Relaying Systems

Jiaoli Liu, Jin‐Yuan Wang, Qinglin Wang

This letter studies the security performance of hybrid radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) system. In this hybrid system, the source node (i.e., Alice) transmits information to the relay node via the outdoor RF link. Nakagami-m fading and path loss are considered for the RF link. The relay using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme. A legitimate receiver (Bob) arranged on the floor receives the optical signal. An eavesdropper (Eve) deployed in VLC link wiretaps the confidential information. In this paper, secrecy outage probability (SOP) is used to assess the performance of the system. We derive the closed expression of the lower bound of SOP when VLC link is wiretapped. Numerical results to validate the accuracy of our derivation.

International Conference on Frontiers of Electronics, Information and Computation Technologies•May 21, 2021•2 citations

Secrecy Performance Analysis of Hybrid RF/VLC Dual-Hop Relaying Systems

Jiaoli Liu, Jin‐Yuan Wang, Bingyuan Zhang +1 more

In this article, the secrecy performance of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system is studied. In this hybrid system, the source node (i.e., Alice) transmits information to the relay node via the outdoor RF link. Nakagami-m fading and path loss are considered for the RF link. The relay node includes an outdoor component and an indoor component, which are connected by using a wired medium. The outdoor component receives and recovers information by using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme and then transmits it to the indoor component. The indoor component then converts the received electrical signal into an optical signal by using a light-emitting diode. A legitimate receiver (i.e., Bob) deployed on the floor receives the optical signal. An eavesdropper (i.e., Eve) deployed in the RF or VLC link wiretaps the confidential information. In this study, we use the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) to evaluate the system performance. We then obtain the closed-form expression for a lower bound on the SOP and an exact closed-form expression for the probability of SPSC when the RF and VLC links are wiretapped, respectively. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of our derivations. We further discuss the effects of the noise standard deviation, the equivalent threshold of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the floor radius on the system secrecy performance when the VLC link is eavesdropped upon. For the case when the RF link is eavesdropped upon, the impacts of the distance between Alice and the relay, the path loss exponent, the fading factor, and the distance between Alice and Eve on secrecy performance are also provided.

Frontiers in Physics•Jul 30, 2021•7 citations

Physical layer security analysis of a dual-hop hybrid RF-VLC system

Anshul Vats, Mona Aggarwal, Swaran Ahuja

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of a dual-hop hybrid radio frequency–visible light communication (RF–VLC) system in which we consider a single source antenna ( S ) transmitting data signals via RF channel through decode and forward (DF) relay ( R ) toward an authorized receiving antenna ( D ) at the destination via VLC channel. In this system, we assume that the eavesdropper ( E ) attempts to eavesdrop the RF channel ( S , R ) during transmission of the signal. The relay decodes the incoming RF signal into corresponding optical signal and retransmits toward destination via VLC channel ( R , D ). The RF and VLC channels of the hybrid system are modelled using generalized-K fading distribution and generalized Lambertian radiant intensity distribution respectively. Also the receiver is assumed to be mobile and its mobility is defined by random waypoint (RWP) model. The channels statistics are used to derive the exact analytical expressions for average secrecy capacity and intercept probability in terms of Meijer’s G-function. The derived closed form analytical expressions are the efficient tool to illustrate the impact of variation in different channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely, shadowing parameters of RF channel, field of view (FOV), semiangle, and the order of Lambertian emission of the VLC channel. Further, numerical analysis is carried out to support the mathematical analysis of the RF–VLC hybrid system.

Journal of Optical Communications•Jun 8, 2021•0 citations

Secrecy Performance of Decode-and-Forward Based Hybrid RF/VLC Relaying Systems

Jaber Al-khori, Galymzhan Nauryzbayev, Mohamed M. Abdallah +1 more

In this paper, we consider the secrecy of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system equipped with decode-and-forward relaying. We develop physical layer security algorithms that mitigate eavesdropping on both RF and VLC networks based on zero-forcing beamforming techniques. We evaluate the system performance in terms of secrecy capacity (SC) and outage probability (OP) for two network scenarios, namely non-cooperative (NCPS) and cooperative power saving (CPS) models. The NCPS case assumes fixed power at both source and relay while the CPS case assumes total average power shared between the source and relay. Our objective is to find the minimum power that satisfies a specific SC for both cases. Our simulation results show that CPS policy achieves higher SC and maintain lower OP compared with the NCPS one for the same amount of power. We also show that, for both cases, the hybrid RF/VLC network can improve SC compared with standalone RF or VLC networks.

IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2019•42 citations

On the Secrecy Performance of a Hybrid RF/VLC System

Isabella W. G. da Silva, Diana Pamela Moya Osorio, Edgar Eduardo Benítez Olivo +2 more

This paper evaluates the secrecy outage probability of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) network in the presence of an eavesdropper.We assume that data is transmitted over the RF and VLC links following a proposed multiplexing scheme in which the data sent by the source is split with a certain allocation ratio.Furthermore, the legitimate and eavesdropper users are assumed to have multihoming capabilities, so that they are able to receive data from both RF and VLC access points, simultaneously.We derive integral-form exact expression, as well as a closedform asymptotic expression for the secrecy outage probability and validate them via Monte Carlo simulations.Our results show that multiplexing the information signal by both links leads to an enhancement of the secrecy performance since it opportunistically takes advantages of the best characteristics of both domains.

Anais de XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais•Jan 1, 2021•5 citations

On Secure VLC Systems With Spatially Random Terminals

Gaofeng Pan, Jia Ye, Zhiguo Ding

This letter investigates the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system with a legitimate receiver and a group of eavesdroppers. Considering the randomness of the locations of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdroppers, the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio over the VLC downlinks are characterized; then, we derive the closed-form analytical expressions for secrecy outage probability and the average secrecy capacity by using stochastic geometry method. Finally, simulations are carried on to verify our proposed analytical models.

IEEE Communications Letters•Dec 22, 2016•95 citations
In this paper, a cooperative hybrid visible light communication (VLC)-radio frequency (RF) system with spatially random terminals is considered. Especially, a source node (SSS) with a group of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps transmits information bits to a destination (DDD), which is located out ofSSS’s coverage area, via a relay node (RRR).RRRis equipped with a photodetector and an antenna to set up a VLC link betweenSSSandRRR, and a radio frequency (RF) link betweenRRRandDDD, respectively. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper (EEE) equipped with a photodetector and an antenna tries to overhear the information delivery over VLC and RF links. Also, diversity receiving scheme is considered atEEE, while the same modulation scheme is considered over both VLC and RF links. Furthermore, decode-and-forward scheme is adopted atRRRto process and forward the received VLC signals. By employing stochastic geometry, we first characterize the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-noise-ratio over both VLC and RF links, while considering the randomness of the locations of bothRRR,EEE, andDDD. Then, the secrecy performance of the target system is studied by deriving the approximated expressions for the secrecy outage probability under various cases. Finally, the proposed analytical models are verified via Monte-Carlo simulations.
This letter studies the security performance of hybrid radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) system. In this hybrid system, the source node (i.e., Alice) transmits information to the relay node via the outdoor RF link. Nakagami-m fading and path loss are considered for the RF link. The relay using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme. A legitimate receiver (Bob) arranged on the floor receives the optical signal. An eavesdropper (Eve) deployed in VLC link wiretaps the confidential information. In this paper, secrecy outage probability (SOP) is used to assess the performance of the system. We derive the closed expression of the lower bound of SOP when VLC link is wiretapped. Numerical results to validate the accuracy of our derivation.
In this article, the secrecy performance of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system is studied. In this hybrid system, the source node (i.e., Alice) transmits information to the relay node via the outdoor RF link. Nakagami-m fading and path loss are considered for the RF link. The relay node includes an outdoor component and an indoor component, which are connected by using a wired medium. The outdoor component receives and recovers information by using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme and then transmits it to the indoor component. The indoor component then converts the received electrical signal into an optical signal by using a light-emitting diode. A legitimate receiver (i.e., Bob) deployed on the floor receives the optical signal. An eavesdropper (i.e., Eve) deployed in the RF or VLC link wiretaps the confidential information. In this study, we use the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) to evaluate the system performance. We then obtain the closed-form expression for a lower bound on the SOP and an exact closed-form expression for the probability of SPSC when the RF and VLC links are wiretapped, respectively. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of our derivations. We further discuss the effects of the noise standard deviation, the equivalent threshold of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the floor radius on the system secrecy performance when the VLC link is eavesdropped upon. For the case when the RF link is eavesdropped upon, the impacts of the distance between Alice and the relay, the path loss exponent, the fading factor, and the distance between Alice and Eve on secrecy performance are also provided.
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of a dual-hop hybrid radio frequency–visible light communication (RF–VLC) system in which we consider a single source antenna ( S ) transmitting data signals via RF channel through decode and forward (DF) relay ( R ) toward an authorized receiving antenna ( D ) at the destination via VLC channel. In this system, we assume that the eavesdropper ( E ) attempts to eavesdrop the RF channel ( S , R ) during transmission of the signal. The relay decodes the incoming RF signal into corresponding optical signal and retransmits toward destination via VLC channel ( R , D ). The RF and VLC channels of the hybrid system are modelled using generalized-K fading distribution and generalized Lambertian radiant intensity distribution respectively. Also the receiver is assumed to be mobile and its mobility is defined by random waypoint (RWP) model. The channels statistics are used to derive the exact analytical expressions for average secrecy capacity and intercept probability in terms of Meijer’s G-function. The derived closed form analytical expressions are the efficient tool to illustrate the impact of variation in different channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely, shadowing parameters of RF channel, field of view (FOV), semiangle, and the order of Lambertian emission of the VLC channel. Further, numerical analysis is carried out to support the mathematical analysis of the RF–VLC hybrid system.
In this paper, we consider the secrecy of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system equipped with decode-and-forward relaying. We develop physical layer security algorithms that mitigate eavesdropping on both RF and VLC networks based on zero-forcing beamforming techniques. We evaluate the system performance in terms of secrecy capacity (SC) and outage probability (OP) for two network scenarios, namely non-cooperative (NCPS) and cooperative power saving (CPS) models. The NCPS case assumes fixed power at both source and relay while the CPS case assumes total average power shared between the source and relay. Our objective is to find the minimum power that satisfies a specific SC for both cases. Our simulation results show that CPS policy achieves higher SC and maintain lower OP compared with the NCPS one for the same amount of power. We also show that, for both cases, the hybrid RF/VLC network can improve SC compared with standalone RF or VLC networks.
This paper evaluates the secrecy outage probability of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) network in the presence of an eavesdropper.We assume that data is transmitted over the RF and VLC links following a proposed multiplexing scheme in which the data sent by the source is split with a certain allocation ratio.Furthermore, the legitimate and eavesdropper users are assumed to have multihoming capabilities, so that they are able to receive data from both RF and VLC access points, simultaneously.We derive integral-form exact expression, as well as a closedform asymptotic expression for the secrecy outage probability and validate them via Monte Carlo simulations.Our results show that multiplexing the information signal by both links leads to an enhancement of the secrecy performance since it opportunistically takes advantages of the best characteristics of both domains.
This letter investigates the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system with a legitimate receiver and a group of eavesdroppers. Considering the randomness of the locations of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdroppers, the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio over the VLC downlinks are characterized; then, we derive the closed-form analytical expressions for secrecy outage probability and the average secrecy capacity by using stochastic geometry method. Finally, simulations are carried on to verify our proposed analytical models.