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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Second harmonic generation and statistical properties of light

Kazimierz Rza̧żewski, ARTUR K. EKERT

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A second harmonic generation is the simplest nonlinear optical process. Together with the inverse process of parametric downconversion it often serves as a test case for various ideas in quantum optics.
DOI
10.1364/oam.1987.mq15

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The effect of the quantum properties of light on nonlinear processes has been well studied theoretically. It has been shown that the efficiency of n-photon nonlinear processes in many cases scales as the normalized n-th order correlation function. For light with high intensity correlation function, the efficiency of the n-th harmonic generation will be considerably higher than for coherent light. The experimental observation of this effect remained difficult until recently, because of the absence of bright sources with strong and fast intensity fluctuations. For the experimental demonstration of statistical effects in optical harmonic generation we use as a pump the radiation of high-gain parametric down conversion. Such light shows quantum properties (e.g. quadrature or two-mode squeezing) and has large number of photons in one mode. The normalized n-th order correlation function for this light is (2n - 1)!!, which makes it more attractive for nonlinear processes than both coherent and thermal light. For the generation of optical harmonics we used broadband parametric down conversion around frequency-degeneracy (1600 nm) produced in 1cm BBO crystal from Ti:Sapphire laser (800 nm, 1.6ps, 5kHz, 3W mean intensity). Due to spectral filtering and post-selection technique we could vary the statistics of light from coherent to super-bunched, which allowed us to demonstrate the efficiency enhancement for second-, third-, and fourth-harmonic generation. The obtained experimental results show a good agreement with the theory.
Nonlinear optical effects where quantum mechanical predictions are at variance with the results of classical calculations are studied. Certain initial conditions, those of unstable equilibrium or those that lead to unstable equilibrium, classically, give rise to an aperiodicity in the intensity of the emitted radiation. One example of such a system is second-harmonic generation, which is studied in detail because of the potential amenability of the aperiodicity to experimental observation. Numerical and analytic predictions for the evolution of the intensity and photon statistics of the second harmonic light are presented. The photon statistics of the second harmonic light are predicted to undergo a sharp transition following the first maximum of the intensity.