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Experimental Verification of Wave Function Collapse and Nonlocality

Lozko Georgiev, Daniel G. Georgiev

Published Jul 1, 2020• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This article discusses experiments in manipulating the arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the corresponding measured change in the interference pattern. The experimental time measurement of periods started with the manipulation of the arms, respectively finalized by the measured change in the observed interference pattern, is considered. The measured time periods and their coordination with the constant speed of light are analyzed.

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This article discusses experiments in manipulating the arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the corresponding measured change in the interference pattern. The experimental time measurement of periods started with the manipulation of the arms, respectively finalized by the measured change in the observed interference pattern, is considered. The measured time periods and their coordination with the constant speed of light are analyzed.
We propose a modified single-particle Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiment in which the path length of one arm may change (randomly or systematically) according to the value of an external two-valued variable x, for each passage of a particle through the interferometer. Quantum theory predicts an interference pattern that is independent of the sequence of the values of x. On the other hand, corpuscular models that reproduce the results of quantum optics experiments carried out up to this date show a reduced visibility and a shift of the interference pattern depending on the details of the sequence of the values of x. The key question to be answered in a real laboratory experiment is: Which interference pattern is observed? Despite the general believe that quantum theory might be used to describe all single particle experiments, this is an interesting question to be answered since in the proposed experiment the experimental conditions not only continuously change but they might also have causal effects on the passage of the photons through the interferometer. The proposed experiment can be used to determine to what extent quantum theory provides a description of observed events beyond the usual statistical level.
We analyze a single-particle Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiment in which the path length of one arm may change (randomly or systematically) according to the value of an external two-valued variable xxx, for each passage of a particle through the interferometer. Quantum theory predicts an interference pattern that is independent of the sequence of the values of xxx. On the other hand, corpuscular models that reproduce the results of quantum optics experiments carried out up to this date show a reduced visibility and a shift of the interference pattern depending on the details of the sequence of the values of xxx. The proposed experiment will show that: (1) it can be described by quantum theory, and thus not by the current corpuscular models, or (2) it cannot be described by quantum theory but can be described by the corpuscular models or variations thereof, or (3) it can neither be described by quantum theory nor by corpuscular models. Therefore, the proposed experiment can be used to determine to what extent quantum theory provides a description of observed events beyond the usual statistical level.
The transient phenomena of the Mach-Zender interferometer are discussed. To test the non-locality hypothesis, a single mode laser with a large coherence length is used. The behavior of a photon and its wave packets in the paths of the interferometer are discussed. Coherent photons have wave packets that overlap, thus their interference pattern is influenced by the overlap of the wave packets of other photons in transient phenomena. The proposed transient light-interference experiment will provide experimental data testing the non-locality hypothesis.
The 'collapse' of the wave function in a general measuring process is analyzed by a pure quantum mechanical (QM) approach. The problem of the delayed choice and Welcher-Weg (WW) experiments is analyzed for Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. The WW effect is related to complementarity principle and orthogonality of wavefunctions although it produces small momentum changes between the electromagnetic (EM) field and the beam-splitters (BS's). For QM states for which we have a superposition of states and interference effects there is no reality before measurement, but by excluding such effects the system gets a real meaning already before measurement.
Straightforward novel methods for stabilizing, tuning, and controlling a twin Mach-Zehnder interferometer for the purpose of observing a subtle dynamical quantum nonlocality effect in a recent optical experiment are presented and discussed. Weak measurements were required for observing a subtle quantum dynamical nonlocality effect that reveals itself in a change of a weak value. Consequently, emphasis is placed upon describing the approaches to apparatus stabilization and interaction strength control between photons and the apparatus. The details discussed in this paper should be of general interest to experimentalists engaging in weak measurement and weak value research.