Emerging infectious viral diseases are a major threat to humankind on earth, containing emerging and re-emerging pathogenic physiognomies has raised great public health concern. This study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel Corona-virus, Wuhan China (2019-nCoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (MERS-CoV) infection outbreaks [1]. Currently, novel Corona-virus disease COVID-2019 is already pandemic and causing havoc throughout the world. Scientific community is still struggling to come out with concrete therapeutic measures against this disease and development of its vaccine is far off from sight in the immediate near future. However, humanity will be put to such pressures very often in the near future and given the present circumstances, what we can expect from the scientific world now? I think QIT (Quantum Information Theory) has an answer to this question. One of the very basic mechanisms that every infectious virus follows to infect is the entry of the virus through cell surface receptors, engulfing, un-coating of viral genome and its transcription to form multiple copies and translation to form viral proteins and coating of viral genome to form multiple copies of the viral particles and then of course the cell bursting to infect other cells. This very basic mechanism does not occur randomly but through a regulated and more dynamic process which we may call coding and decoding of information through reduction in error or noise.
Emerging infectious viral diseases are a major threat to humankind on earth, containing emerging and re-emerging pathogenic physiognomies has raised great public health concern. This study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel Corona-virus, Wuhan China (2019-nCoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (MERS-CoV) infection outbreaks [1]. Currently, novel Corona-virus disease COVID-2019 is already pandemic and causing havoc throughout the world. Scientific community is still struggling to come out with concrete therapeutic measures against this disease and development of its vaccine is far off from sight in the immediate near future. However, humanity will be put to such pressures very often in the near future and given the present circumstances, what we can expect from the scientific world now? I think QIT (Quantum Information Theory) has an answer to this question. One of the very basic mechanisms that every infectious virus follows to infect is the entry of the virus through cell surface receptors, engulfing, un-coating of viral genome and its transcription to form multiple copies and translation to form viral proteins and coating of viral genome to form multiple copies of the viral particles and then of course the cell bursting to infect other cells. This very basic mechanism does not occur randomly but through a regulated and more dynamic process which we may call coding and decoding of information through reduction in error or noise.
Today, the whole world is suffering from pandemic of Covid-19 diseases. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Today, every country in the world is trying to find the antidote of COVID-19. Meanwhile, a hope to find the medicine of Covid-19, can be seen through Quantum Computing. For the readers who are not familiar with quantum computation, a brief introduction to it is provided. Classical computers that are used today can encode information only in binary format that take the values of 1 or 0. This restricts the ability of classical computers. On the opposite hand, Quantum computing is a region of computing that deals with developing engineering supported the principles of scientific theory, that explains the behavior of energy and material at the atomic and subatomic levels. Quantum computing uses quantum bits or qubits. it's the distinctive ability of subatomic participles that enables them to exist in additional than one states i.e. one and zero at an equivalent time. These supercomputers area unit supported by Superposition and entanglement, 2 vital options of physics. Quantum computing relies on the principles of scientific theory and uses the quantum-mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform computations.
The continuous manifestations of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases across the world is championed by microorganisms particularly, viruses and bacteria. These manifestations consistently keep researchers at work in establishing approaches towards minimising the burden of infectious diseases both locally and internationally. Microorganisms, especially bacteria and viruses, possess very disparate features like the presence of sensors, in-built biological engines, immaculate communication means, processing architecture, among others. Researchers are introducing these biological entities into the quantum theory network where their dynamical physical properties and concepts can be used to develop response mechanisms during infection stages. This article aims to review and present an account of quantum approaches derived from quantum mechanics as an emerging fundamental enabler and a novel concept in the treatment of infectious diseases. It also looks at the possible application of these quantum approaches in revolutionising discovery, development, and production of vaccines at a quantum scale and speed. A descriptive review of the literature was conducted by searching these electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and SciELO. Findings in this article show that through the advent of single-particle approaches and high-resolution techniques, viral dynamics can be scrutinised during and after their assembly towards studying their infection development pathway. Additionally, quantum information in biological entities has been found to provide hereditary information insights supporting genetic studies in relation to infectious diseases. The introduction of quantum-inspired genetic algorithms towards predicting the secondary structures of RNA depicts certain superiority over strategies currently in existence. Ongoing research is putting quantum-based studies in an ideal direction towards shaping the understanding and perhaps treatment of infectious diseases.
• Published in the latest issue of CSBJ, proposing a new infection mechanism that overcomes the limitations of the classical lock and key model. • Confirmed the persistence of vibration-assisted electron tunnelling during the binding between the spike protein and ACE2 receptor. • Overcame the errors of the existing Markovian model... Suggests that viral infiltration is facilitated by the physical laws of quantum mechanics. [Quantum Biology Society] Revolutionary research results have been published showing that the cell infiltration process of SARS-CoV-2, which swept the world, is facilitated by quantum tunnelling, a quantum mechanical phenomenon, going beyond simple morphological binding. Recently, a paper titled "Non-Markovian Quantum State Diffusion for the tunnelling in SARS-COVID-19 virus" was published in the Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal (CSBJ). A research team including Muhammad Waqas Haseeb and Mohamad Toutounji from the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) elucidated this new infection mechanism using a mathematical quantum model. ■ A Quantum Biological Approach Beyond Lock and Key Until now, the biological infection process has mainly been explained by the classical lock and key model, where the virus's protein and the host cell's receptor bind according to their shapes. However, inspired by the vibration-assisted electron tunnelling theory of olfaction that explains how humans smell, the research team constructed the first non-Markovian quantum model to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism. ■ Electron Tunnelling Assisted by Vibration... Accelerating Infiltration The research team conceptualized the virus's spike protein and the host cell's ACE2 receptor as a dimer in the spin-boson model, and solved the complex non-Markovian quantum stochastic Schrödinger equation (SSE). As a result of the analysis, while the existing Markovian model showed a critical limitation of deriving physically impossible negative probabilities in the strong coupling regime, they confirmed that in the non-Markovian model including memory effects, the tunnelling phenomenon—where the molecule's inherent vibration assists the movement of electrons—strongly persists even at intermediate and strong coupling limits. This means that even if a physical energy barrier exists, when specific vibration conditions are met, a quantum mechanical phenomenon where electrons pass right through the barrier intervenes in the viral binding process. ■ Heralding a New Paradigm in New Drug Development Consequently, it was revealed that the core process by which the virus binds to and infiltrates human cells goes beyond a simple structural interlocking and is directly facilitated by the physical laws of the microscopic world: molecular vibration and quantum tunnelling. This study is a groundbreaking achievement that reinterprets the infection mechanism of a deadly virus from a quantum biological perspective. It is expected to provide a crucial theoretical foundation for designing a new level of antivirals and vaccines that fundamentally block infection by controlling electron tunnelling at the quantum level in the future.
Abstract This work emphasized the importance of quantum principles in Biological systems. Specially theoretically explained the mechanisms of infectious disease according to the laws of quantum mechanics, focusing on quantum tunneling. It determines the role of quantum events in microbial processes and demonstrates Schrödinger's prophetic view of quantum theory. Interactions between viruses and cells, as well as enzyme function and binding, are not well explained by traditional lock-and-key methods, while quantum tunneling, which is used to pass electrons through this method, can best demonstrate the function of spiked proteins with cellular receptors.
Quantumization, the process of converting information into quantum (qubit) format, is a key enabler for propelling a new and distinct infrastructure in the pharmaceutical space. Quantum messenger RNA (QmRNA) technology, an indispensable constituent of quantum biotech (QB), is a compelling alternative to conventional vaccine methods because of its capacity for rapid development, high efficacy, and low-cost manufacturing to combat infectious diseases. Internet of Virus Things (IoVT), a biological version of Internet of Things (IoT), comprises applications to fight against pandemics and provides effective vaccine administration. The integration of QB and IoVT constitutes the QBIoVT system to advance the prospect of QmRNA vaccine discovery within a few days. This research disseminates the QBIoVT system paradigm, including architectural aspects, priority areas, challenges, applications, and QmRNA research engine design to accelerate QmRNA vaccines discovery. A comprehensive review of the literature was accomplished, and a context-centered methodology was applied to the QBIoVT paradigm forensic investigations to impel QmRNA vaccine discovery. Based on the above rumination, the principal motive for this study was to develop a novel QBIoVT theoretical framework which has not been produced through earlier theories. The proposed framework shall inspire future QBIoVT system research activities to improve pandemics detection and protection.
Recent advances in quantum communication have enabled long-distance secure information transfer through quantum channels, giving rise to quantum networks with unique physical and statistical properties. However, as in classical networks, the propagation of viruses in these systems could have severe consequences. Here, we investigate the critical problem of virus spreading in quantum networks. We develop quantitative tools, particularly a modified nonlinear dynamical system model, for performing epidemiological analyses on quantum networks. Our results show that quantum networks tend to be more resilient to viral infections, exhibiting higher epidemic thresholds than classical networks with identical graph topologies. This apparent robustness, however, arises primarily from the sparser connectivity inherent to the quantum networks. When the comparison is made at a fixed average connectivity, classical and quantum networks display comparable epidemic thresholds. These findings provide key insights into the security and reliability of future large-scale quantum communication systems. Our work bridges the fields of quantum information science, network theory, and epidemiology, paving the way for future studies of quantum epidemiological dynamics.