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انجمن اپتیک و فوتونیک ایران

A New Approach for Pulse Propagation through Nonlinear Optical Waveguides for Applying in Photonic Quantum Technologies

Abolfazl Safaei Bezgabadi, Mahmood Borhani Zarandi, M. A. Bolorizadeh

Published Mar 10, 2020• 0 citations
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Summary form only given.We describe numerical and experimental investigations of the use of soliton spectral filtering in the spatial domain. As is well known, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation description of optical soliton propagation in single-mode fibers applies equally well to spatial solitons in nonlinear planar waveguides. Therefore, we can expect that the photon-number squeezing methods that work for temporal solitons in optical fibers apply equally well to spatial solitons. The spatial-soliton equivalent of spectral filtering is to use a spatial slit to remove the edge portions of the spatial soliton after it emerges from the planar waveguide. To optimize the experimental configuration, we have modeled the spatial-soliton propagation using a numerical quantum propagation code. Our results show that optimal squeezing is obtained at propagation distances of several soliton periods for solitons with the order N/spl sim/1.2. To experimentally demonstrate photon number squeezing by spatial filtering of spatial solitons, we have fabricated an AlGaAs planar waveguide that is 1.5 /spl mu/m thick and 1-3 cm long. For our device, the bandgap is in the vicinity of 0.8 /spl mu/m, so by using short pulses from a color-center laser tuned to 1.5- to 1.6-/spl mu/m wavelengths, we can excite reasonably large nonlinearities due to two-photon and three-photon resonances in the bandgap. This allows us to create spatial solitons. Spatial solitons created by color-center laser pulses are spatially windowed by slits at the output of the planar waveguide. The spatially filtered pulses are transmitted to a balanced mixer-detector arrangement that allows measurement of the noise of the windowed pulses relative to the shot-noise level.

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The interaction of light with matter can generate different types of scattering that can be applied to quantum optics, photonics and integrated optics appropriately. The generation of certain pulses in certain waveguides can produce certain nonlinear optical pulses with important properties such as low energy and information loss applied, for example, to communication systems and quantum information. The method we describe is based on the generation and propagation of nonlinear optical pulses in multidimensional material structures: waveguides in 1 dimension, planar systems in 2 dimensions and crystalline systems in 3 dimensions. These structures can be appropriately designed to generate nonlinear and quantum optical pulses depending on the crystal structure and electrical susceptibility of the material. These optical pulses can be appropriately characterized whose respective scattering signals can be identified and processed providing an application basis for emerging technologies for transmission and processing systems based on quantum optics and quantum computing.
Quantum optics unites physical optics and the quantum field theory of light. A fundamental consequence of light-field quantization is the appearance of vacuum fluctuations, or quantum noise, which has no classical analogue and stems from the Heisenberg uncertainty relations. Nonlinear optical interactions "on a chip" offer new, unexplored functionalities, and may play a key role in future technologies. In this respect, a major theoretical and computational challenge is the development of new, tractable models of the nonlinear quantum dynamics in realistic devices with complex geometries in multiple dimensions. Description of nonlinear pulse propagation, interaction, and localization phenomena in multiple dimensions requires dipole coupling to at least a 2D resonant medium, whereby the electric field of a single-photon excitation is coupled to at least two distinct dipole optical transitions. The chapter applies the vector Maxwell-pseudospin formalism to the problem of nonlinear optical pulse propagation in planar waveguides and microcavities with embedded quantum systems.
Summary form only given.We describe numerical and experimental investigations of the use of soliton spectral filtering in the spatial domain. As is well known, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation description of optical soliton propagation in single-mode fibers applies equally well to spatial solitons in nonlinear planar waveguides. Therefore, we can expect that the photon-number squeezing methods that work for temporal solitons in optical fibers apply equally well to spatial solitons. The spatial-soliton equivalent of spectral filtering is to use a spatial slit to remove the edge portions of the spatial soliton after it emerges from the planar waveguide. To optimize the experimental configuration, we have modeled the spatial-soliton propagation using a numerical quantum propagation code. Our results show that optimal squeezing is obtained at propagation distances of several soliton periods for solitons with the order N/spl sim/1.2. To experimentally demonstrate photon number squeezing by spatial filtering of spatial solitons, we have fabricated an AlGaAs planar waveguide that is 1.5 /spl mu/m thick and 1-3 cm long. For our device, the bandgap is in the vicinity of 0.8 /spl mu/m, so by using short pulses from a color-center laser tuned to 1.5- to 1.6-/spl mu/m wavelengths, we can excite reasonably large nonlinearities due to two-photon and three-photon resonances in the bandgap. This allows us to create spatial solitons. Spatial solitons created by color-center laser pulses are spatially windowed by slits at the output of the planar waveguide. The spatially filtered pulses are transmitted to a balanced mixer-detector arrangement that allows measurement of the noise of the windowed pulses relative to the shot-noise level.