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Josephson-Effect Four-Photon Parametric Amplification of Microwaves.

P. T. Parrish

Published Dec 1, 1975• 0 citations
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An analysis is presented describing four-photon parametric amplification in an unbiased Josephson junction. Central to the theory is the model of the Josephson effect as a nonlinear inductance. Linear, small signal analysis is applied to the « two fluid » model of the Josephson junction. The gain, gain-bandwidth product, high frequency limit and effective noise temperature is calculated for a cavity reflection amplifier. The analysis is extended to multiple (series-connected) junctions and sub-harmonic pumping.
Our observation of 1−mm wavelength radiation generated in a cavity containing a Josephson junction provides evidence for a negative effective microwave resistance in the Josephson junction, and for parametric amplification in the reflection mode by the Josephson junction. These parametric oscillations were observed at wavelengths corresponding to cavity resonances between 1.1− and 2−mm wavelength. The frequency of the emitted radiation differed from the frequency given by ν=2eV/h, and thus the radiation was not simply from the ac Josephson effect. We develop a theory that predicts a negative microwave resistance at junction bias voltages just below a cavity−induced step for resistively shunted junction, and just above the cavity−induced step for a junction with sufficient shunt capacitance. Our observations are consistent with the theory.