Conceptual foundations of quantum physics : an overview from modern perspectives

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Tristan Hübsch, Djordje Minić

This book provides a unified overview of “modern physics” - combining its foundational pillars: relativity, quantum physics and gravity - and takes the reader on a tour of fundamental physics, through structural, historical and biographical perspectives. The book presents a “big picture” of physics, as well as its completion in terms of a new vision of the quantum theory of space, time, matter and energy. Chapters explore the overarching and unfinished structure of fundamental physics, defined via the three fundamental constants of physics (the velocity of light, the gravitational constant and the Planck constant). The book also celebrates the centenary of quantum mechanics, and the apparent conceptual conflict between quantum theory and the deepest theory of spacetime physics, Einstein’s general theory of relativity, and the resolution of that conflict in a new (“gravitized quantum”) view of the problem of quantum gravity. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students of physics, professional physicists and scientists from other disciplines, as well as a general audience of non-professionals interested in the topic. Key features: Presents a cohesive and accessible overview of fundamental physics and its worldview Intertwines historical and biographical perspectives with scientific aspects Discusses a timely and cutting-edge topic at the forefront of research and discussion

Fatulla Alizada

This report presents an introduction to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, including superposition, uncertainty, and entanglement. It reviews the historical development of quantum theory, landmark experiments such as the double-slit and Stern–Gerlach experiments, and modern technological applications including quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. The report aims to provide undergraduate students with a structured and intuitive overview of the conceptual foundations and practical significance of quantum physics.

Jan-Markus Schwindt

Belal Ehsan Baaquie

Aleksei M. Zheltikov

Abstract The Keldysh photoionization theory is a conceptual cornerstone and a universal framework for the description of a broad class of fundamental effects in light–matter interaction. Here, we provide an overview of the Keldysh theory as a significant milestone in the development of modern optical physics and offer a historical perspective on the fundamental role of this theory, from the early pioneering work on quantum tunneling to the latest breakthroughs in laser optics, attosecond technologies, and ultrafast optics of high-intensity laser pulses.