Localization and Wave - Particle Duality in Quantized Fields.

Michele Cini

Murray Gerstenhaber

Jau Tang, Chien-Cheng Chang

Abstract Quantum interference is often seen as a manifestation of intrinsic wave–particle duality, invoking self-interference and wavefunction superposition. We propose an alternative causal framework where interference arises from interactions between a classical electron and a quantized electromagnetic field. Electrons follow definite, localized trajectories and yield discrete detection events. The wave-like interference pattern emerges statistically from stochastic, nonlocal momentum transfers mediated by quantized field modes. Simulations of double-slit experiments show that dot-like fringes arise without wavefunction collapse or intrinsic wave behavior. Doubling the electron mass narrows fringe spacing in line with de Broglie scaling, suggesting the effective wavelength results dynamically from field coupling, not as an inherent particle trait. This interpretation preserves classical realism while reproducing quantum interference as an emergent, ensemble-level phenomenon. It provides a deterministic account grounded in structured field interactions. In this view, wave–particle duality of electrons reflects the wave nature of photons—the massless U(1) gauge bosons mediating the field—rather than being a fundamental property of matter.

Marcello Cini

James E Beecham

Light has historically resisted a single physical interpretation, exhibiting wave-likeinterference, particle-like energy exchange, and invariant high-speed propagation throughspace. These behaviors led to the concept of wave–particle duality, an interpretivecompromise rather than a unified physical explanation. In the SP3 framework, space itselfis not empty or passive but possesses phase, memory, and the capacity for conditioning.This paper reframes light as a localized, self-maintaining reconfiguration of space-phaserather than a particle moving through emptiness or a field oscillating in a void. Interference,quantization, constant propagation speed, and gravitational bending arise naturally fromthe properties of space-phase itself. Wave–particle duality is therefore not resolved bychoosing one description over another but is eliminated by replacing an incompleteconception of space with a physically active medium.

Jeffrey Alexander Webb, Chat GPT

Description This paper introduces a speculative toy model called Time-Field Substrate Theory, which proposes that elementary particles may be understood as localized quantized events arising from wave-like disturbances in an underlying temporal field. Rather than treating the smallest particle as a tiny physical object with a definite size, the model defines it as the smallest nonzero excitation event produced when a quantum wave interacts with matter or an observing system. The theory builds from the standard idea that particles are not classical solid objects, but quantum excitations associated with fields. It then extends this view by proposing a deeper hidden medium: a time-field substrate in which quantum wave states exist before becoming particle-like through interaction. In this framework, a wave evolves as a pattern within the time field, while a particle appears when that pattern localizes into an indivisible unit of energy exchange. This first version is intended as a conceptual and mathematical rough draft, not a completed proof. Its purpose is to establish the core claim, outline the basic model, and provide a foundation for later development. The paper discusses wave-particle duality, the meaning of the smallest particle, measurement as physical interaction, and the possibility that ordinary quantum fields may emerge from a deeper temporal structure. The central proposal is that a particle is not fundamentally a small object in space, but a localized quantized event produced by a wave in a hidden time-field medium.