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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling Devices for Nanoscale Attonewton Force Sensing

Benjamin Safvati, Yi‐Ting Chen, Morgan Brubaker, Hari C. Manoharan

Published Mar 5, 2020• 0 citations
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Mechano-optical transducers are devices that convert a force or displacement signal to an optical one, enabling ultrasensitive mechanical detection. Currently, ultraweak DC force sensors with high spatial resolution are in high demand for the search of possible exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the standard model in sub-millimeter scale. Here, we demonstrate a mechano-optical transducer of a single trapped ion with the force sensitivity about 600 zN/Hz for the DC force. This method utilizes the Doppler shift of the time-resolved fluorescence to detect the ion's micromotion that is coupled to a vector force. By alternating the directions of the detection laser beams, the vector DC forces can be precisely measured. Such a mechano-optical transducer provides sub-attonewton sensitivity with the spatial resolution in single-atom level, enabling various uses for both scientific and industrial purposes.
Forces drive all physical interactions. High-sensitivity measurement of the effect of forces enables the quantitative investigation of physical phenomena. Laser-cooled trapped atomic ions are a well-controlled quantum system whose low mass, strong Coulomb interaction, and readily detectable fluorescence signal make them a favorable platform for precision metrology. We demonstrate a three-dimensional sub-attonewton sensitivity force sensor based on a super-resolution imaging of a single trapped ion. The force is detected by measuring the ion's displacement in three dimensions with nanometer precision. Observed sensitivities were 372 ± 9, 347 ± 18, and 808 ± 51 zN/[Formula: see text], corresponding to 24×, 87×, and 21× above the quantum limit. We verified this technique by measuring a 95-zN light pressure force, an important systematic effect in optically based sensors.