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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Towards the generation of a non-Fock state using entangled multi-photon multi-mode systems

Issei Matsumoto, Takayuki Kiyohara, Ryo Okamoto, Holger Friedrich Hofmann, Shigeki Takeuchi

Published Jul 10, 2019• 0 citations
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Abstract This work presents a deterministic photon subtraction scheme that selectively extracts photons from an input light stream based on their arrival time sequence. The scheme exploits the temporal entanglement generated during single‐photon Raman interaction in a chiral waveguide coupled to a cascade of Λ‐type atoms. It is demonstrated that this photon subtractor enables the generation of high‐fidelity and modal purity multi‐photon Fock states. Using a variational approach, the modal structure of the output light is identified, based on a non‐orthogonal basis formed through post‐selection of the output pulses. Within an input‐output network framework, numerical simulations are performed to calculate the quantum state of the output light. Additionally, the use of the generated Fock‐state pulses in optical interferometry is investigated, demonstrating their potential for quantum metrology applications at the Heisenberg limit.
Two-mode squeezing is central to entangled-photon generation and nonlinear interferometry, yet standard perturbative low-gain treatments and Gaussian formalisms can obscure the interference of photon-number amplitudes, especially in nonlinear interferometers and at high gain. Here we derive a closed-form Fock-basis expression for the action of the two-mode squeezing operator on arbitrary number states, enabling the direct analysis of nonlinear interferometers in the photon-number basis at arbitrary squeezing strength. Within this framework, we provide intuitive physical interpretations of several known quantum-interference effects and identify a new multi-photon interference phenomenon in a four-crystal geometry that could readily be observed in laboratories. Our work provides a compact analytic toolkit and explicit design rules for engineering multi-photon interference, with applications in quantum sensing, precision metrology, and quantum state generation.
Multi-mode NOON states have been attracting increasing attentions recently for their abilities of obtaining supersensitive and superresolved measurements for simultaneous multiple-phase estimation. In this paper, four different methods of generating multi-mode NOON states with a high photon number were proposed. The first method is a linear optical approach that makes use of the Fock state filtration to reduce lower-order Fock state terms from the coherent state inputs, which are jointly combined to produce a multi-mode NOON state with the triggering of multi-fold single-photon coincidence detections (SPCD) and appropriate postselection. The other three methods (two linear and one nonlinear) use N-photon Fock states as the inputs and require SPCD triggering only. All of the four methods can theoretically create a multi-mode NOON state with an arbitrary photon number. Comparisons among these four methods were made with respect to their feasibility and efficiency. The first method is experimentally most feasible since it takes considerably fewer photonic operations and, more importantly, requires neither the use of high-N Fock states nor high-degree of nonlinearity.