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Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Transverse intensity modulation of a dye laser beam by optically pumped hyperfine levels of sodium vapor (A)

J. S. Hall, L. S. Ditman, S.G. Smith

Published Jan 1, 1976• 0 citations
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Production and diagnosis of a highly spin-polarized Na beam

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We describe optically pumping a beam of sodium atoms to >96% mS and >92% mS, mI state selection. (We have accurately measured the population of every mS, mI state in the optically pumped beam.) For the optical pumping both ground hyperfine states are pumped, using single-mode cw dye-laser radiation tuned to the 3S1/2–3P1/2 transition that is phase modulated in a LiTaO3 crystal to produce first-order sidebands at approximately the 1772-MHz hyperfine splitting of the ground state. The z-directed optical pumping is performed in a z-directed magnetic field of ~5 G. The state-selected atoms then move, in ~1 cm, into an ~200 G, z-directed field. The downstream probe laser beam is scanned through the 3S1/2 (mS, mI) → 3P3/2 (mS′, mI) transitions, which are spectroscopically resolved at 200 G, and the fluorescence intensities portray the residual populations in each of the eight 3S1/2 states.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 1, 1991•12 citations
When sodium vapor is irradiated with a single-frequency dye laser (pump) tuned in the vicinity of either of the Doppler-broadened D lines and enclosed in an optical cavity, Raman shifted oscillation builds up, which is blue shifted for a blue-detuned pump and red shifted for a red-detuned pump by 1.772 GHz (sodium ground-state hyperfine splitting).1 The gain mechanism responsible for this Raman-laser action can be understood by modeling sodium as a three-level atom. The Raman laser frequency is highly correlated with that of the pump as demonstrated earlier by observing a beat frequency bandwidth between the two lasers of as low as 17 kHz.2 (The pump had rms frequency fluctuation of the order of 10 MHz.) For spectroscopic applications, for example, frequency correlated laser beams are commonly generated using acoustooptic techniques which are difficult to implement beyond the gigahertz region. The Raman laser technique is extendable, in principle, even to the millimeter range. Here we present measurements of the sodium-density and pump-intensity dependence of the Raman-laser output and compare the results with those predicted by the three-level-atom model.
We describe a sensitive technique for observing small transverse modifications to intensity, phase, and polarization arising in nonlinear propagation of a laser beam through an atomic vapor. The technique, which in essence is an interferometric one, is based on the use of crossed polarizers that are nearly but not exactly pure circular. Illustrative results are presented for cw dye-laser radiation propagating through collisionally broadened atomic sodium that is near resonant to the D1 line. Well-defined ring patterns produced by nonlinear interactions are observed at both positive and negative laser detunings.
We describe optically pumping a beam of sodium atoms to >96% mS and >92% mS, mI state selection. (We have accurately measured the population of every mS, mI state in the optically pumped beam.) For the optical pumping both ground hyperfine states are pumped, using single-mode cw dye-laser radiation tuned to the 3S1/2–3P1/2 transition that is phase modulated in a LiTaO3 crystal to produce first-order sidebands at approximately the 1772-MHz hyperfine splitting of the ground state. The z-directed optical pumping is performed in a z-directed magnetic field of ~5 G. The state-selected atoms then move, in ~1 cm, into an ~200 G, z-directed field. The downstream probe laser beam is scanned through the 3S1/2 (mS, mI) → 3P3/2 (mS′, mI) transitions, which are spectroscopically resolved at 200 G, and the fluorescence intensities portray the residual populations in each of the eight 3S1/2 states.