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Журнал технической физики

Измерение напряженности электрического поля СВЧ излучения на частоте радиационного перехода между ридберговскими состояниями атомов -=SUP=-85-=/SUP=-Rb

E. F. Stelmashenko, O. A. Klezovich, V. N. Baryshev, В.А. Тищенко, Igor Yu. Blinov, V. G. Pal'chikov, В.Д. Овсянников

Published Jan 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Authors: E.F. Stelmashenko(1), O.A. Klezovich(1), V.N. Baryshev(1), V.A. Tischenko(1), I.Yu. Blinov(1), V.G.Palchikov (1,2(, V. D. Ovsiannikov (1,3) Affiliation: (1)National Research Institute for Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements, Mendeleevo, Moscow Region , Russia (2)National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia (3)Voronezh State University, University sq.1, 394018, Voronezh, Russia Abstract: Spectral characteristics are determined for the resonance electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect on atomic rubidium vapours, induced by an intense radiation of the wavelength in the region from 479 to 486 nm in presence of a microwave (MW) radiation of a frequency from 1 to 300 GHz, which splits the energy of transition from the 5P3/2 state to a Rydberg state nD5/2 . The magnitude of the EIT peak splitting is proportional to the MW-radiation electric field. Simple approximation equations are derived for evaluating numerically the amplitude of transition between Rydberg nD5/2 and (n+1)P3/2 states with high principal quantum numbers n. An experimental setup is constructed for measuring the MW electric field on the basis of the EIT resonance-splitting measurements in absorption spectra of a probe radiation.

DOI
10.21883/os.2020.08.49698.25-20

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Authors: E.F. Stelmashenko(1), O.A. Klezovich(1), V.N. Baryshev(1), V.A. Tischenko(1), I.Yu. Blinov(1), V.G.Palchikov (1,2(, V. D. Ovsiannikov (1,3) Affiliation: (1)National Research Institute for Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements, Mendeleevo, Moscow Region , Russia (2)National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia (3)Voronezh State University, University sq.1, 394018, Voronezh, Russia Abstract: Spectral characteristics are determined for the resonance electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect on atomic rubidium vapours, induced by an intense radiation of the wavelength in the region from 479 to 486 nm in presence of a microwave (MW) radiation of a frequency from 1 to 300 GHz, which splits the energy of transition from the 5P3/2 state to a Rydberg state nD5/2 . The magnitude of the EIT peak splitting is proportional to the MW-radiation electric field. Simple approximation equations are derived for evaluating numerically the amplitude of transition between Rydberg nD5/2 and (n+1)P3/2 states with high principal quantum numbers n. An experimental setup is constructed for measuring the MW electric field on the basis of the EIT resonance-splitting measurements in absorption spectra of a probe radiation.
The spectral characteristics of the resonance effect of the electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) of rubidium atomic vapors induced by intense radiation with a wavelength in the region from 479 to 486 nm in the presence of microwave radiation at a frequency of 1 to 300 GHz, which splits the energy of transition of the atom from the resonant 5 P 3/2 states into the Rydberg nD 5/2 state, are determined. The magnitude of the splitting of the EIT peak is proportional to the electric field intensity of the microwave radiation. Simple approximation expressions are obtained for the numerical calculation of the transition amplitude between Rydberg nD 5/2 and ( n + 1) P 3/2 states with large principal quantum numbers n . A setup has been developed for measuring the electric field intensity of microwave radiation based on measuring the frequency of splitting of the resonance of an electron microscope in the absorption spectrum of probe radiation.
A comprehensive study of three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) on the rubidium cascade $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}$ (laser wavelength 780 nm), $5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ (776 nm), and $5{D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}28{F}_{7/2}$ (1260 nm) is performed. The 780-nm probe and 776-nm dressing beams are counteraligned through a Rb room-temperature vapor cell, and the 1260-nm coupler beam is co- or counteraligned with the probe beam. Several cases of EIT and EIA, measured over a range of detunings of the 776-nm beam, are studied. The observed phenomena are modeled by numerically solving the Lindblad equation, and the results are interpreted in terms of the probe-beam absorption behavior of velocity- and detuning-dependent dressed states. Interaction-time effects are discussed. To explore the utility of three-photon Rydberg EIA and EIT for microwave electric-field diagnostics, a sub-THz field generated by a signal source and a frequency quadrupler is applied to the Rb cell. The 100.633-GHz field resonantly drives the $28{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}29{D}_{5/2}$ transition and causes Autler-Townes splittings in the Rydberg EIA and EIT spectra, which are measured and employed to characterize the performance of the microwave quadrupler.
The high-precision determination of microwave radiation parameters may be based on measurements of the spectral characteristics of radiation transitions between the Rydberg states of atoms. Frequencies and matrix elements are calculated for dipole transitions from even-parity nS1/2 and nD5/2 to odd-parity n′P3/2 and n′F7/2 (where n′ = n, n ± 1, n ± 2) for the Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms. The matrix elements determine the splitting of Rydberg-state energy levels in the field of a resonance microwave (μw) radiation, which results in the splitting of the resonance in electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT). Numerical computations based on the single-electron quantum defect method (QDM) and the Fues’ model potential (FMP) approach with the use of the most reliable data of the current literature on quantum defect values were performed for the 2S, 2P, 2D and 2F series of the Rydberg states of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs atoms. The calculated data were approximated by quadratic polynomials of the principal quantum number. The polynomial coefficients were determined with the use of a standard curve-fitting interpolation polynomial procedure for numerically presented functions. The approximation equations may be used for the accurate evaluation of the frequencies and matrix elements of μw transitions in wide ranges of the Rydberg-state quantum numbers n >> 1.
We present an electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter-Townes (EIT-AT) spectrum of a Rydberg three-level atom that is dressed with a microwave field in a room-temperature cesium cell. The EIT is a quantum coherent effect produced by the interaction of atoms with electromagnetic waves, which leads to the decrease of the absorption for a weak resonant probe laser. AT splitting refers to the phenomenon, that the absorption line splits when an electromagnetic field that is in resonance or near resonance acts on the transition of atoms. Rydberg atoms are extremely sensitive to an external electric field due to their large polarizabilities and microwave transition dipole moments, which can be used to measure the external field. In this work, a Rydberg three-level EIT is used to detect Rydberg atom and AT splitting induced by the microwave field. Cesium levels 6S1/2, 6P3/2 and 50S1/2 constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which a weak probe laser locking to the transition from 6S1/2 to 6P3/2 couples ground-state transition and the strong coupling laser resonates on the Rydberg transition from 6P2/3 to 50S1/2. The two Rydberg levels 50S1/2 and 50P1/2 are coupled with the microwave field at a frequency of 30.852 GHz, leading to the AT splitting of EIT line and forming an EIT-AT spectrum, which is used to measure the electric field amplitude of microwave. In order to further study the EIT-AT splitting characteristics of the Rydberg levels, we carry out a series of measurements by changing the microwave field. The experimental results show a broadened EIT-AT signal for the weak field range and the four-peak spectrum for the strong field, which is attributed to the inhomogeneity of the microwave field. The microwave in cesium cell, emitted by a function generator, shows inhomogeneous behavior such that the atoms interacting with the laser field experience the different fields, leading to the line broadened and multi-peak EIT-AT spectra. For the microwave transition of nS1/2-nP1/2 in this paper, a pair of EIT-AT lines should be obtained for an electric field value. The broadening of the EIT-AT spectrum and the multi-peak structure here are due to the inhomogeneity of the microwave field measurement. We propose a method to increase the spatial resolution by reducing the length of cesium cell. The result in this work provides a method of measuring the field amplitude and monitoring the distribution of microwave electric field, meanwhile the spatial resolution of the measurements can be improved by reducing the size of the cell.
We report on the measurement of Stark shifted energy levels of 87 Rb Rydberg atoms in static electric fields by means of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Electric field strengths of up to 500 V cm −1 , ranging beyond the classical ionization threshold, were applied using electrodes inside a glass cell with rubidium vapour. Stark maps for principal quantum numbers n = 35 and n = 70 have been obtained with high signal-to-noise ratio for comparison with results from ab initio calculations following the method described in (Zimmerman et al 1979 Phys. Rev. A 20 2251 ), which was originally only verified for states around n = 15. We also calculate the dipole matrix elements between low-lying states and Stark shifted Rydberg states to give a theoretical estimate of the relative strength of the EIT signal. The present work significantly extends the experimental verification of this numerical method in the range of both high principal quantum numbers and high electric fields with an accuracy of up to 2 MHz.
Abstract A scheme for measuring microwave (MW) electric (E) fields is proposed based on bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms. A bichromatic control field drives the excited state transition, whose absorption shows three EIT windows. When a MW field drives the Rydberg transition, the EIT windows split and six transmission peaks appear. It is interesting to find that the peak-to-peak distance of transmission spectrum is sensitive to the MW field strength, which can be used to measure MW E-field. Simulation results show that the measurement accuracy could be increased by about 4 times, and the minimum detectable strength of the MW E-field may be improved by about 3 times compared with the common EIT scheme. After the Doppler averaging, the minimum detectable MW E-field strength is about 5 times larger than that without Doppler effect. Also, we investigate other effects on the sensitivity of the system.