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Secure sharing of secret key on insecure channel using Quantum key distribution

Shirish Kumar Shrikant Jagdale

Published Dec 12, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In today’s era of internet and network application, need for security has become of vital importance. Most of our important data is stored in computer and recently on cloud, also whenever we need to send data to some other person, we make use of internet thus, need of data security becomes increasingly important. Protecting important sensitive data against any unauthorized access is a major concern. Cryptography is one of the methods to safeguard all our important data from being stolen or intercepted by unwanted person. We can rely on classical cryptography for securing our data however, with the advancement of computation they are being phased out. Therefore, Quantum Key Distribution promises a secure key agreement by using law of quantum mechanics thus, QKD becomes a significant trend of new cryptographic revolution. This paper explains how QKD is used for secure sharing of key between two entities i.e. Alice and Bob and further using this shared key for encryption and decryption of text data. In addition to this, paper also discuss about implementation of QKD-BB84 protocol and test result indicates that QKD is secure against man-in-the-middle attack. However, physically implementing QKD is a greatest challenge due to need of Quantum computers and cost of setup.

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In today’s era of internet and network application, need for security has become of vital importance. Most of our important data is stored in computer and recently on cloud, also whenever we need to send data to some other person, we make use of internet thus, need of data security becomes increasingly important. Protecting important sensitive data against any unauthorized access is a major concern. Cryptography is one of the methods to safeguard all our important data from being stolen or intercepted by unwanted person. We can rely on classical cryptography for securing our data however, with the advancement of computation they are being phased out. Therefore, Quantum Key Distribution promises a secure key agreement by using law of quantum mechanics thus, QKD becomes a significant trend of new cryptographic revolution. This paper explains how QKD is used for secure sharing of key between two entities i.e. Alice and Bob and further using this shared key for encryption and decryption of text data. In addition to this, paper also discuss about implementation of QKD-BB84 protocol and test result indicates that QKD is secure against man-in-the-middle attack. However, physically implementing QKD is a greatest challenge due to need of Quantum computers and cost of setup.
As the world becomes more computerized, keeping data transfer safe has become very important. Quantum computers and other strong computers have the ability to break classical encryption methods, even though they are widely used. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a new way to protect data. It uses quantum physics to make sure that the sharing of cryptographic keys is safe. The aim of this study is to look into how QKD can be used to improve the security of data transfer. The suggested method combines QKD with current encryption standards to create a safe and effective way to send data. The method includes setting up a key sharing system based on QKD and then using symmetric encryption algorithms to keep the data being sent safe. The system is tried in different communication settings to see how well it protects against spying and "man-in-the-middle" attacks. The study's results show that QKD greatly improves the safety of sending data by keeping the cryptography keys secret. The results show that QKD has the potential to stop people from getting in without permission and find any attempts to change the keys while they are being sent out. The table below shows performance numbers that show how well QKD works in real-world situations. It shows how well communication speeds and security measures compare.
In order to protect and secure the sensitive data over the internet, the current data security methods typically depend on the cryptographic systems. Recent achievements in quantum computing is a major challenge to such cryptography systems. In this way, the quantum key distribution (QKD) technique evolves as a very important technique which gives un-conditional data security. This technique is based on the laws of quantum physics for its security. This article gives a detailed description of the QKD technique. This technique secures the encryption key delivery between the two authenticated parties from the unauthorized access. In the next phase, quantum cryptography model is discussed. Finally, some important application areas and limitations of this technology are be discussed.
In order to protect and secure the sensitive data over the internet, the current data security methods typically depend on the cryptographic systems. Recent achievements in quantum computing is a major challenge to such cryptography systems. In this way, the quantum key distribution (QKD) technique evolves as a very important technique which gives un-conditional data security. This technique is based on the laws of quantum physics for its security. This article gives a detailed description of the QKD technique. This technique secures the encryption key delivery between the two authenticated parties from the unauthorized access. In the next phase, quantum cryptography model is discussed. Finally, some important application areas and limitations of this technology are be discussed.
In order to protect and secure the sensitive data over the internet, the current data security methods typically depend on the cryptographic systems. Recent achievements in quantum computing is a major challenge to such cryptography systems. In this way, the quantum key distribution (QKD) technique evolves as a very important technique which gives un-conditional data security. This technique is based on the laws of quantum physics for its security. This article gives a detailed description of the QKD technique. This technique secures the encryption key delivery between the two authenticated parties from the unauthorized access. In the next phase, quantum cryptography model is discussed. Finally, some important application areas and limitations of this technology are be discussed.
Quantum cryptography provides secret communication, which offers various security factors like confidentiality, integrity, and authentication assurance based on the law of physics. The law of physics states that quantum computing can also be applied into the communication sector, which is particularly in the field of cryptography. Then quantum can significantly distribute the data securely by applying quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum key sharing, etc. In the classical cryptography, it is difficult to compute secret keys using security concepts like key exchange and authentication, etc., and it fails to provide adequate protection during data communication as it needs some effective computation in terms of security. The lack of security in the data communication can be overcome by using the concept of quantum computing. Generally, in quantum computing, elementary quantum systems like polarized photons are used to transmit digital information based on the principle of uncertainty as it gives rise to a significant phenomenon of effective security in terms of communication compared to existing concepts related to cryptography. In quantum computing, the detection ratio for identifying the data which are sent through a communication channel is more difficult as it uses qubits and photons to represent the data that are sent. Quantum channels are used to distribute the information between two users as it passes through the unprotected classical channels as it is unknown to anyone else. Assuming that Alice and Bob use a latent noise channel to send a key, reconciliation is the process of correcting errors between Alice and Bob’s version of the key. This is done by public discussion, which leaks some information about the secret key to an undercover. This chapter gives a discussion on QKD concepts as it helps to provide a secure communication, where the information is broadcasting through a quantum channel. Finally, the various existing quantum protocols are described in relation to some security measures based on QKD, and the standard QKD protocol of BB84 is discussed.
All traditional cryptographic algorithms used in the network communication environments, relied on mathematical models and computational assumptions, are actually unsafe and apt by many attackers (quantum and man-in-the-middle attacks). Therefore, nowadays Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises a secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. QKD becomes a significant trend of new cryptographic revolution. This paper explains how cryptography exploits the quantum mechanics in order to achieve an encryption/decryption process. Additionally, this paper provides a standard simulation for QKD-BB84 protocol and describes improvement key generation and key distribution mechanisms. Then, validation, results and efficiency of BB84 protocol are presented using different security configurations. Finally, our results indicated that the QKD is susceptible to corporate with different security applications and achieve the key availability for such applications. However, it suffers from the higher rate of authentication cost.