Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Oxford University Press eBooks

What Entanglement Might Be Telling Us: Space, Quantum Mechanics, and Bohm’s Fish Tank

Jenann Ismael

Published Apr 30, 2020• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

There are pressures that are coming from a number of quarters in quantum cosmology to view space or space-time as an emergent structure. But in recent years in the foundations of standard, non-relativistic quantum mechanics, interpretations have emerged that treat space as emergent. My primary purpose is (i) to make explicit the considerations stemming from quantum mechanics alone, that are pushing in the direction of viewing space (or space-time) as an emergent structure, and (ii)to clarify exactly what it means to say that space is emergent in the sense that this chapter is interested inhere. Itdoes that by presenting some simple low-dimensional models that reproduce central features of quantum phenomena, and analyzing the examples with attention to the difference between two different kinds of explanation: one in which the correlations emerge from a more fundamental (and not ultimately spatial) description and one in which correlations are explained by influences that pass through the space in which the correlated events are situated.

DOI
10.1093/oso/9780198831501.003.0008

Related papers

The Bohmian Model of Quantum Cosmology

Craig Callender, Robert Weingard

Philosophers of science have not paid much attention to recent developments in quantum cosmology. This fact is surprising, since quantum cosmology is replete with conceptual issues involving (e.g.) the fundamental nature of time and space, the interpretation of quantum mechanics, and the ultimate meaning of probability. One notable exception, Quentin Smith, has recently examined the Hartle-Hawking (1983) proposal. Trying to make sense of the view, he resorts to an instrumentalist picture, which treats the proposal as merely a heuristic device for the algorithm responsible for predictions. While we do not examine Smith's account here, we would like to contrast it with the model presented in this note, in which a fully realistic interpretation of quantum cosmology is developed. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the de Broglie-Bohm causal interpretation of quantum mechanics.

PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association•Jan 1, 1994•20 citations

Derivation of Space and Time from Quantum State Transitions

István Fekete

This study proposes a conceptual framework in which time and space are derived from quantum state transitions rather than being treated as fundamental background entities. Temporal progression is interpreted as the ordered sequence of discrete quantum state changes, while spatial structure emerges from relational properties among quantum states.Within this framework, time is defined operationally as the measurable rate of quantum state evolution, and space arises from correlations and structural relations between quantum systems. The approach suggests that spacetime may be understood as an emergent construct grounded in quantum dynamics rather than as a primary ontological structure.The implications of this interpretation are discussed in relation to general relativity and quantum mechanics, with attention to cosmological considerations and foundational questions in theoretical physics.

•Feb 11, 2026•0 citations

Entanglement and the ticking of the clock

Andrea Valdés-Hernández, C. G. Maglione, A. P. Majtey +1 more

The concept of entanglement is at the heart of quantum physics.It plays a central role in all quantum phenomena involving composite systems.Interestingly, there is an intriguing idea that has attracted considerable attention recently, according to which quantum entanglement may also be essential for understanding the very emergence of time and dynamical evolution.Within this point of view, sometimes referred to as the timeless picture of quantum dynamics, the Universe is regarded as consisting of a clock and a system (or "rest of the Universe") that are jointly in a stationary quantum state, and time evolution arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted at the entanglement between the clock and the system.Here we provide a pedagogical and self-contained exposition, at the upper undergraduate level, of the role of entanglement in this timeless evolution approach to quantum mechanics.In particular, we give a detailed explanation of how the entanglement between the clock and the system is directly and quantitatively related to the average distinguishability between the states of the system at different times.

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física•Jan 1, 2020•1 citation

An alternative version of quantum mechanics

James T. Cushing

In previous chapters we presented and discussed the standard, generally accepted Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics according to which there exists in nature at the most fundamental level an irreducible and ineliminable indeterminism. Although we saw that what historically constituted the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics is difficult to specify with precision, three central commitments do characterize it. (1) In general, no particle trajectories can exist in a space–time background. (2) No deterministic description of fundamental physical phenomena is possible. (3) There exists in the laws of the fundamental physical phenomena of nature an essential and ineliminable indeterminism or probability (unlike the probability of classical physics, that there reflects our ignorance of the finer details of complex physical phenomena). A flavor of these features of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics can be gotten from the quotations at the beginning of Part VIII ( Some philosophical lessons from quantum mechanics ). On this view, it is in principle impossible to predict, say, the exact future behavior of an electron (that is, to give its position and velocity as functions of the time). According to the Copenhagen school, there can be no causal description of microphenomena in terms of a continuous space–time background (as there is in classical physics). It is generally believed that a causal interpretation of quantum mechanics is impossible, although no proof of this exists.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Jan 29, 1998•0 citations

Quantum Theory and the Structure of Space-Time

Tejinder P. Singh

Abstract We argue that space and space-time emerge as a consequence of the dynamical collapse of the wave function of macroscopic objects. Locality and separability are properties of our approximate, emergent universe. At the fundamental level, space-time is non-commutative, and its dynamics is non-local and non-separable.

arXiv:1707.01012•Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A•Jun 16, 2018•12 citations

Spacetime as an Emergent Causal Structure: A Quantum Mechanical Perspective

Changlong Wen

This paper explores the fundamental nature of spacetime from the perspective of emergent causal structures, rooted in quantum mechanical principles. We propose a theoretical framework that treats spacetime not as a pre-existing background, but as a collective phenomenon arising from the interaction of quantum causal relations. By analyzing the constraints of causality and quantum coherence, we derive key implications for the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and the limits of local realism. Our results suggest a new way to bridge quantum mechanics and gravitational theory, providing a foundation for future studies in quantum gravity and spacetime physics.

•Mar 11, 2026•0 citations
There are pressures that are coming from a number of quarters in quantum cosmology to view space or space-time as an emergent structure. But in recent years in the foundations of standard, non-relativistic quantum mechanics, interpretations have emerged that treat space as emergent. My primary purpose is (i) to make explicit the considerations stemming from quantum mechanics alone, that are pushing in the direction of viewing space (or space-time) as an emergent structure, and (ii)to clarify exactly what it means to say that space is emergent in the sense that this chapter is interested inhere. Itdoes that by presenting some simple low-dimensional models that reproduce central features of quantum phenomena, and analyzing the examples with attention to the difference between two different kinds of explanation: one in which the correlations emerge from a more fundamental (and not ultimately spatial) description and one in which correlations are explained by influences that pass through the space in which the correlated events are situated.
Philosophers of science have not paid much attention to recent developments in quantum cosmology. This fact is surprising, since quantum cosmology is replete with conceptual issues involving (e.g.) the fundamental nature of time and space, the interpretation of quantum mechanics, and the ultimate meaning of probability. One notable exception, Quentin Smith, has recently examined the Hartle-Hawking (1983) proposal. Trying to make sense of the view, he resorts to an instrumentalist picture, which treats the proposal as merely a heuristic device for the algorithm responsible for predictions. While we do not examine Smith's account here, we would like to contrast it with the model presented in this note, in which a fully realistic interpretation of quantum cosmology is developed. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the de Broglie-Bohm causal interpretation of quantum mechanics.
This study proposes a conceptual framework in which time and space are derived from quantum state transitions rather than being treated as fundamental background entities. Temporal progression is interpreted as the ordered sequence of discrete quantum state changes, while spatial structure emerges from relational properties among quantum states.Within this framework, time is defined operationally as the measurable rate of quantum state evolution, and space arises from correlations and structural relations between quantum systems. The approach suggests that spacetime may be understood as an emergent construct grounded in quantum dynamics rather than as a primary ontological structure.The implications of this interpretation are discussed in relation to general relativity and quantum mechanics, with attention to cosmological considerations and foundational questions in theoretical physics.
The concept of entanglement is at the heart of quantum physics.It plays a central role in all quantum phenomena involving composite systems.Interestingly, there is an intriguing idea that has attracted considerable attention recently, according to which quantum entanglement may also be essential for understanding the very emergence of time and dynamical evolution.Within this point of view, sometimes referred to as the timeless picture of quantum dynamics, the Universe is regarded as consisting of a clock and a system (or "rest of the Universe") that are jointly in a stationary quantum state, and time evolution arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted at the entanglement between the clock and the system.Here we provide a pedagogical and self-contained exposition, at the upper undergraduate level, of the role of entanglement in this timeless evolution approach to quantum mechanics.In particular, we give a detailed explanation of how the entanglement between the clock and the system is directly and quantitatively related to the average distinguishability between the states of the system at different times.
In previous chapters we presented and discussed the standard, generally accepted Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics according to which there exists in nature at the most fundamental level an irreducible and ineliminable indeterminism. Although we saw that what historically constituted the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics is difficult to specify with precision, three central commitments do characterize it. (1) In general, no particle trajectories can exist in a space–time background. (2) No deterministic description of fundamental physical phenomena is possible. (3) There exists in the laws of the fundamental physical phenomena of nature an essential and ineliminable indeterminism or probability (unlike the probability of classical physics, that there reflects our ignorance of the finer details of complex physical phenomena). A flavor of these features of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics can be gotten from the quotations at the beginning of Part VIII ( Some philosophical lessons from quantum mechanics ). On this view, it is in principle impossible to predict, say, the exact future behavior of an electron (that is, to give its position and velocity as functions of the time). According to the Copenhagen school, there can be no causal description of microphenomena in terms of a continuous space–time background (as there is in classical physics). It is generally believed that a causal interpretation of quantum mechanics is impossible, although no proof of this exists.
This paper explores the fundamental nature of spacetime from the perspective of emergent causal structures, rooted in quantum mechanical principles. We propose a theoretical framework that treats spacetime not as a pre-existing background, but as a collective phenomenon arising from the interaction of quantum causal relations. By analyzing the constraints of causality and quantum coherence, we derive key implications for the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and the limits of local realism. Our results suggest a new way to bridge quantum mechanics and gravitational theory, providing a foundation for future studies in quantum gravity and spacetime physics.