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Experimental demonstration of the coexistence of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an intense DWDM classical channel

Paul Jouguet, Sébastien Kunz-Jacques, Rupesh Kumar, Qin, Hao, R. Gabet, Eleni Diamanti, Romain Alléaume

Published Aug 1, 2013• 1 citation
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We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) in dense-wavelength-division multiplexing networks (DWDM), where QKD will typically have to coexist with several co-propagating (forward or backward) C-band classical channels whose launch power is around 0 dBm. We have conducted experimental tests of the coexistence of CV-QKD multiplexed with an intense classical channel, for different input powers and different DWDM wavelengths. Over a 25 km fiber, a CV-QKD operated over the 1530.12 nm channel can tolerate the noise arising from up to 11.5 dBm classical channel at 1550.12 nm in the forward direction (9.7 dBm in backward). A positive key rate (0.49 kbits s −1 ) can be obtained at 75 km with classical channel power of respectively −3 and −9 dBm in forward and backward. Based on these measurements, we have also simulated the excess noise and optimized channel allocation for the integration of CV-QKD in some access networks. We have, for example, shown that CV-QKD could coexist with five pairs of channels (with nominal input powers: 2 dBm forward and 1 dBm backward) over a 25 km WDM-PON network. The obtained results demonstrate the outstanding capacity of CV-QKD to coexist with classical signals of realistic intensity in optical networks.
Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) on the existing optical fiber network through dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) can greatly reduce the costs of quantum channels and improve the scalability and flexibility of the quantum communication network. In the scenarios of an access network or local area network with a large number of users, the connected optical fibers are relatively short and the quantum signal can be adjacent to the classical channels. In this case, the four-wave-mixing noise generated by the classical lights will have a severe impact on the performance of the QKD. We establish a theoretical model to characterize the excess noise in continuous-variable QKD induced by the four-wave mixing, and experimentally demonstrate the validity of the theoretical predictions. In addition, the influence of cross-phase-modulation noise between the carrier of the quantum signal and classical data channels on the QKD is investigated. To suppress the effect of the four-wave-mixing noise, an unequal channel spacing technique is employed. We realize coexistence of entangled state-based continuous-variable QKD and five adjacent DWDM classical channels with 10 dBm launch power and nonreturn-to-zero on-off-keying modulation at 2.5 Gb/s (10 Gb/s).