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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Quantum communication networks with superconducting qubits

Youpeng Zhong, Audrey Bienfait, Hung-Shen Chang, Ming-Han Chou, Christopher R. Conner, Étienne Dumur, Joel Grebel, Rhys G. Povey, David Schuster, Andrew N. Cleland

Published Mar 3, 2020• 0 citations
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ABSTRACT Based on the hybrid system, we propose a network device to achieve entanglement transfer between multiple superconducting qubits and spatially separated optical cavities. The network model consists of nodes, each equipped with an optical fiber linked to the remote optical cavity. In the central microwave cavity of the network, several superconducting qubits are placed. The protocol begins by initializing superconducting qubits in an entangled state (Bell or GHZ state). By leveraging microwave‐optical photon converters and optical fibers, the entangled states are transferred to spatially separated optical cavities. As a specific example, we numerically demonstrate that the high‐fidelity transfer of a Bell state of superconducting qubits onto spatially separated optical cavities is achievable within the present‐day circuit QED technology. Besides, it is worthy to note that when the dissipation is negligible, the entangled Bell state of spatially separated optical cavities can be transferred back onto superconducting qubits by performing reverse operations. Finally, this proposal is quite general and can be extended to other hybrid systems with resembling level structure. This approach provides a promising candidate for long‐distance entanglement distribution in hybrid quantum networks with potential applications in scalable quantum communication and information processing.
Superconducting circuits are a strong contender for realizing quantum computing systems and are also successfully used to study quantum optics and hybrid quantum systems. However, their cryogenic operation temperatures and the current lack of coherence-preserving microwave-to-optical conversion solutions have hindered the realization of superconducting quantum networks spanning different cryogenic systems or larger distances. Here, we report the successful operation of a cryogenic waveguide coherently linking transmon qubits located in two dilution refrigerators separated by a physical distance of five meters. We transfer qubit states and generate entanglement on demand with average transfer and target state fidelities of 85.8% and 79.5%, respectively, between the two nodes of this elementary network. Cryogenic microwave links provide an opportunity to scale up systems for quantum computing and create local area superconducting quantum communication networks over length scales of at least tens of meters.