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Optics Letters

Shift of zero-field level-crossing resonance in the Cs D1 line and its use in vector magnetometry

Denis V. Brazhnikov, S M Ignatovich, I. S. Mesenzova, A. S. Novokreshchenov, Andrei Goncharov

Published May 15, 2020• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the level-crossing resonance in a cesium vapor cell filled with a buffer gas under counterpropagating pump and probe light waves with orthogonal linear polarizations. An optical transition F g = 4 → F e = 3 is excited in the D 1 line. Probe-wave transmission is analyzed versus a static magnetic field applied along the wave vectors. This configuration can provide ultrahigh-contrast electromagnetically induced absorption resonances. We report here a new, to the best of our knowledge, magneto-optical effect in the resonance shift caused by a transverse magnetic field and discuss how it can be applied in vector magnetometry.

DOI
10.1364/ol.396470

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Laser Physics Letters•Jan 2, 2018•20 citations
We examine the level-crossing resonance in a cesium vapor cell filled with a buffer gas under counterpropagating pump and probe light waves with orthogonal linear polarizations. An optical transition F g = 4 → F e = 3 is excited in the D 1 line. Probe-wave transmission is analyzed versus a static magnetic field applied along the wave vectors. This configuration can provide ultrahigh-contrast electromagnetically induced absorption resonances. We report here a new, to the best of our knowledge, magneto-optical effect in the resonance shift caused by a transverse magnetic field and discuss how it can be applied in vector magnetometry.
Level-crossing (LC) resonances in a buffer-gas-filled cesium vapor cell are studied under counterpropagating pump and probe light waves with opposite circular polarizations. The waves excite the D1_11​-line ground-state level FgF_gFg​= =\,=444, while a transverse magnetic field (Bx{\rm B}_xBx​⊥\perp⊥k{\rm k}k) is scanned around zero to observe the resonance of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). It is shown that adding the pump light wave significantly improves the properties of the resonances in comparison with the commonly used scheme with a single light wave. As far as a small vapor cell ($\approx\,0.1cm0.1 cm0.1cm^3)atrelativelylowtemperature() at relatively low temperature ()atrelativelylowtemperature(\approx\,45−6045-6045−60\,^\circ$C) is utilized, the results have good prospects for developing a low-power miniaturized atomic magnetometer.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) of cesium atoms exposed to counter-propagating light waves with orthogonal linear polarizations is studied. Probe beam transmission through a buffer gas-filled vapor cell is monitored as a function of a static magnetic field applied parallel to the wave vectors. The light waves are tuned to a single dipole transition F g → F e in the D 1 line ( λ = 894.6 nm). The proposed magneto-optical configuration helps overcome a long-standing problem in obtaining high-contrast EIA resonances in conjunction with narrow linewidths. Our experiments demonstrate EIA contrast with respect to a broad Doppler absorption background ( C D ) as high as 1630%. Thus, a high value of C D means that background absorption is almost absent, and the vapor cell transmission profile represents only a single narrow resonance. This result is unique for EIA as well as for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects, because usually in a resonant medium, narrow EIT or EIA resonances are accompanied by natural-linewidth or other broad spectral features, even in the case of cold atoms. The resonance contrast with respect to the light transmission background ( C back ) is also high enough, reaching 75% in the experiments. The full width at half maximum of the narrowest observed EIA is approximately 0.77 mG (0.7 × 0.77 = 540 Hz in the frequency domain). The considered simple scheme has good prospects for the development of various quantum magneto-optical devices such as optical switches and atomic magnetometers.
Level-crossing (LC) resonances in alkali-metal vapors are widely used for atomic magnetometry. One of the most simple and robust techniques involves a single circularly polarized light wave, while a transverse magnetic field (Bx⊥k) is scanned around zero to observe the subnatural-linewidth resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the light wave transmission. This technique allows miniaturization of the magnetic field sensor to a great extent, maintaining high sensitivity of measurements. To obtain a high quality factor of the LC resonance and, therefore, high performance of the sensor, either a high temperature (>120 °C) or an extended volume of the vapor cell (V≫1 cm3) is usually required. Here, we propose a slight modification to the commonly used configuration, which can provide high-quality LC resonances in small (≪1 cm3) vapor cells at a relatively low temperature of 60 °C or less. The modification consists in adding the second (pump) counterpropagating light wave with opposite circular polarization (σ+σ− configuration). In our experiments, the waves excite the D1-line ground-state level Fg=4 in cesium atoms in the presence of a buffer gas (Ne, 130 Torr). In the proposed scheme, a subnatural-linewidth electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonance is observed. We compare parameters of the EIA resonance with those obtained in the single-wave scheme to show benefits of using the proposed σ+σ− configuration. The results have good prospects for developing a low-power miniaturized atomic magnetometer with a wide operating range.
A new configuration for observation of magneto-optical subnatural-linewidth resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in alkali vapor has been verified experimentally. The configuration includes using two counter-propagating pump and probe light waves with mutually orthogonal linear polarizations, exciting an open optical transition of an alkali atom in the presence of a buffer gas. The main advantage of the novel observation scheme consists in the possibility of obtaining simultaneously high-contrast and quite narrow nonlinear signals. Here a 2.5-cm long rubidium-87 vapor cell filled with Ar buffer gas is used, and the excited optical transition is the Fg_gg​=2 →\to→ Fe_ee​=1 of the D1_11​ line. The signals registered reach a contrast of 57.7% with a FWHM of 7.2 mG. The contrast with respect to a wide Doppler pedestal well exceeds 100%. To our knowledge, to date this is the best result for EIA resonances in terms of contrast-to-width ratio. In general, the results demonstrate that the new magneto-optical scheme has very good prospects for various applications in quantum metrology, nonlinear optics and photonics.
The resonance of the intersection of sublevels in a probe laser field resonant to the cyclic transition corresponding to the D 2 87Rb line has been investigated in a zero magnetic field. The strong effect of an additional laser field acting on the adjacent transition has been revealed. In a cell without the buffer gas and antirelaxation coating, the amplitude of the probe-field absorption resonance can increase by more than an order of magnitude in the presence of a counterpropagating wave. The effect is observed at the laser frequency tuned to the cross resonance, when the counterpropagating waves simultaneously act on moving atoms at the cyclic and open transitions with the common lower level. The theoretical analysis of the effect of the additional field on the electromagnetically induced absorption resonance is in agreement with the experimental data.
Abstract Magneto-optical subnatural-linewidth resonances of electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) in an alkali vapour cell have been experimentally studied. The observation configuration includes using two counter-propagating pumps and probe light waves with mutually orthogonal linear polarizations, exciting an open optical transition in the 87 Rb D 1 line in the presence of argon buffer gas. The EIA signals registered in a probe-wave transmission reach an unprecedented contrast of about 135% with respect to the wide ‘Doppler’ absorption pedestal and 29% with respect to the level of background transmission signal. These contrast values correspond to a relatively small resonance full width at half maximum of about 7.2 mG (5.2 kHz). The width of the narrowest EIA resonance observed is about 2.1 mG (1.5 kHz). To our knowledge, such a large relative contrast at the kHz-width is the record result for EIA resonances. In general, the work has experimentally proved that the magneto-optical scheme used has very good prospects for various quantum technologies (quantum sensors of weak magnetic fields, optical switches and other photonic elements).