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APS

Implementation of weak measurement for single nuclear spin qubit by using cavity enhanced Faraday rotation

Atsushi Noguchi, Yujiro Eto, Nobuyuki Takei, Makoto Takeuchi, Peng Zhang, Masahito Ueda, Mikio Kozuma

Published Mar 1, 2010• 0 citations
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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 8, 2018•0 citations
When an off-resonant light field is coupled with atomic spins, its polarization can rotate depending on the direction of the spins via Faraday rotation, which has been used for monitoring and controlling the atomic spins. We observed Faraday rotation by an angle of more than 10 deg for a single nuclear spin of 1/2 of a 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atom in a high-finesse optical cavity. By employing the coupling between the single nuclear spin and a photon, we have also demonstrated that the spin can be projected or weakly measured through the projection of the transmitted single ancillary photon.
We report the implementation of projective measurement on a single 1/2 nuclear spin of the (171)Yb atom by measuring the polarization of cavity-enhanced fluorescence. To obtain cavity-enhanced fluorescence having a nuclear-spin-dependent polarization, we construct a two-mode cavity QED system, in which two cyclic transitions are independently coupled to each of the orthogonally polarized cavity modes, by manipulating the energy level of (171)Yb. This system can associate the nuclear spin degrees of freedom with the polarization of photons, which will facilitate the development of hybrid quantum systems.
We study the sensitive detection of a weak static magnetic field via Faraday rotation induced by an ensemble of spins in a bimodal degenerate microwave cavity. We determine the limit of the resolution for the sensitivity of the magnetometry achieved using either single-photon or multiphoton inputs. For the case of a microwave cavity containing an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond, we obtain a magnetometry sensitivity exceeding 5.2nT/Hz5.2\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{T}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}5.2nT/Hz​ utilizing a single-photon probe field, while for a multiphoton input we achieve a subfemtotesla sensitivity using a coherent-probe microwave field with power of Pin=1nW{P}_{\text{in}}=1\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{W}Pin​=1nW.