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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Photon Recoil in Light Scattering by a Bose–Einstein Condensate of a Dilute Gas

Yu. A. Avetisyan, Victor A Malyshev, Evgenii Dmitrievich Trifonov

Published Mar 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Photon recoil upon light scattering by a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of a dilute atomic gas is analyzed theoretically accounting for a weak interatomic interaction. Our approach is based on the Gross–Pitaevskii equation for the condensate, which is coupled to the Maxwell equation for the field. The dispersion relations of recoil energy and momentum are calculated, and the effect of weak nonideality of the condensate on the photon recoil is ubraveled. A good agreement between the theory and experiment [7] on the measurement of the photon recoil momentum in a dispersive medium is demonstrated.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776120010124

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Abstract Photon recoil upon light scattering by a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of a dilute atomic gas is analyzed theoretically accounting for a weak interatomic interaction. Our approach is based on the Gross–Pitaevskii equation for the condensate, which is coupled to the Maxwell equation for the field. The dispersion relations of recoil energy and momentum are calculated, and the effect of weak nonideality of the condensate on the photon recoil is ubraveled. A good agreement between the theory and experiment [7] on the measurement of the photon recoil momentum in a dispersive medium is demonstrated.
Abstract We develop a ‘minimal’ microscopic model to describe a two-pulse-Ramsey-interferometer-based scheme of measurement of the photon recoil momentum in a Bose–Einstein condensate of a dilute gas (Campbell et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 170403 ). We exploit the truncated coupled Maxwell–Schrödinger equations to elaborate the problem. Our approach provides a theoretical tool to reproduce essential features of the experimental results. Additionally, we calculate the quantum-mechanical mean value of the recoil momentum and its statistical distribution that provides a detailed information about the recoil event.
A semiclassical theory is proposed to describe the light amplification in a Bose—Einstein condensate of a dilute atomic gas observed in [1]. Atomic states with well-defined momenta are taken as a basis of wave functions to derive the Maxwell—Bloch equations for the model of a dilute gas of atoms interacting with electromagnetic field. The evolution of light intensity and populations of coherent atomic states with different recoil momenta is described by solving these equations. The solutions obtained are used to demonstrate theoretically the effects observed in [1].
We present the results of an experiment on light scattering from an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with a far-off-resonant pump laser. By collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) a coherent superposition of two atomic wave packets with different momenta is created. Varying the intensity of a weak counterpropagating laser beam we observe the transition from the pure superradiant regime to the Bragg scattering regime, where Rabi oscillations in a two-level system are observed. The process is limited by the decoherence between the two atomic wave packets. In the superradiant regime the experiment gives evidence of a contribution to decoherence which depends on the initial velocity of the condensate. The system is described by the CARL-BEC model, which is a generalization of the Gross-Pitaevskii model to include the self-consistent evolution of the scattered field and a phase-diffusion decoherence process, which accounts for the observed damping.
A semiclassical theory of light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate of a dilute gas is developed. It is shown that the results of theoretical calculations are in qualitative agreement with the data obtained from recent experiments on the observation of atoms scattered in the backward direction with respect to the direction of a pump laser beam. It is demonstrated that there can arise a field that propagates in the backward direction and whose intensity exceeds the intensity of conventional Rayleigh scattering.
Equations of a semiclassical model of superradiant Rayleigh scattering of high-intensity short light pulses from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases are solved numerically taking into account the excitation of atoms by coherent Rayleigh radiation and their recoil in the backward direction. The evolution of the populations of coherent atomic states with a particular momentum is studied, and the pulse shape and the structure of the spectrum of such scattering are found in relation to the laser beam intensity and the recoil kinetic energy of atoms.