Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an innovative and proficient wireless communication technology that permits LED lighting and optical communications to work together by modulating the LED light source. For security in the Internet of Things (IoT), VLC communications face different challenges that were disputed in various research papers. VLC communication incorporated with the rising innovation of the IoT initiates a wide range of indoor applications. Quantum technology can also be integrated in VLC. Quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials regarding lighting and display because of their easy customizable emission wavelength, restricted Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and superior quantum performance. This paper represents the state-of-the-art in the field of VLC Quantum. It presents a study with the most noticeable research activities and experimental results related to the VLC Quantum technology. Also, we propose a Q-IoT platform prototype which represents an innovative way to improve the IoT security and to create a safer network environment to operate within.
Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an innovative and proficient wireless communication technology that permits LED lighting and optical communications to work together by modulating the LED light source. For security in the Internet of Things (IoT), VLC communications face different challenges that were disputed in various research papers. VLC communication incorporated with the rising innovation of the IoT initiates a wide range of indoor applications. Quantum technology can also be integrated in VLC. Quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials regarding lighting and display because of their easy customizable emission wavelength, restricted Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and superior quantum performance. This paper represents the state-of-the-art in the field of VLC Quantum. It presents a study with the most noticeable research activities and experimental results related to the VLC Quantum technology. Also, we propose a Q-IoT platform prototype which represents an innovative way to improve the IoT security and to create a safer network environment to operate within.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology to improve the capacity of the existing indoor wireless communication systems. However, VLC also comes with security concerns in line with other wireless and wired transmission systems. In this regard, quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proposed as an optimal solution to enhance the security of VLC networks at the physical layer. This paper serves as a review study of the QKD and highlights its state-of-the-art, applications and challenges in the prospect of securing the VLC systems.
In the near future, the high data rate challenge would not be possible by using the radio frequency (RF) only. As the user will increase, the network traffic will increase proportionally. Visible light communication (VLC) is a good solution to support huge number of indoor users. VLC has high data rate over RF communication. The way internet users are increasing, we have to think over VLC technology. Not only the data rate is a concern but also its security, cost, and reliability have to be considered for a good communication network. Quantum technology makes a great impact on communication and computing in both areas. Quantum communication technology has the ability to support better channel capacity, higher security, and lower latency. This paper combines the quantum technology over the existing VLC and compares the performance between quantum visible light communication performance (QVLC) over the existing VLC system. Research findings clearly show that the performance of QVLC is better than the existing VLC system.
The blooming of the Internet of Things (IoT) needs a communication infrastructure to allow connecting a wide range of devices. Visible light communication (VLC) provides an attractive solution for these IoT devices. However, the broadcast nature makes the VLC prone to be exposed in the reach of eavesdroppers, which undesirably impairs the IoT system security. The negative factors in practical use, such as light reflection, light intensity, channel correlation, and channel estimation error, remain less touched. In this paper, we propose the SecLight to support both the multiple-input single-output VLC (MISO-VLC) and the single-input single-output VLC (SISO-VLC) IoT devices. A random time reversal scheme is first proposed to automatically steer the SISO-VLC signal to the legitimate receivers by scrambling the eavesdropper's channel. Then, we mathematically analyze the impact of channel correlation and channel estimation error inherent in MISO-VLC system and propose an effective approach to alleviate the decreased secrecy capacity by introducing the Karhunen-LoEve transform and equivalent artificial noise. Through extensive evaluation, the proposed SecLight framework proves to be able to aggravate the bit error rate of eavesdroppers, even when a malicious interception is intended while holding the secrecy capacity above 3 bit/s/Hz. Overall, our results demonstrate that our framework SecLight is a promising solution for enhancing the security of the IoT devices.
Summary Visible light communication (VLC) is considered to be a great replacement or complement to existing radio frequency networks to provide the future fifth‐generation (5G) wireless technology with higher data rates for indoor connectivity, which alleviates the traffic demand. Therefore, many issues emerged regarding the security in 5G networks as human safety is at risk. This work presents a comprehensive study on the physical‐layer security (PLS) and solutions in 5G networks, specifically, the security of VLC technology as one of the core PLS solutions for 5G future wireless networks. Furthermore, VLC threats and PLS solutions are extensively investigated. Based on our study, we propose a new indoor VLC secure model to enhance the secrecy performance in VLC networks using a combination of multiple PLS techniques to achieve this aim as beamforming, secure communication zones, and friendly jamming. The simulation results with respect to the received optical power and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) prove that the proposed indoor VLC model can improve the secrecy performance. As the user's SNR exceeded 100 dB and optical received power reached 15 mW, the malicious user's SNR barely reached 30 dB with a 4‐μW received power outside the target zone increasing his interference level. Finally, future research directions in VLC security are outlined to encourage future research.
Due to the dramatic increase in high data rate services and in order to meet the demands of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, researchers from both academia and industry are exploring advanced transmission techniques, new network architectures and new frequency spectrum such as the visible light and the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectra. Visible light communication (VLC) particularly is an emerging technology that has been introduced as a promising solution for 5G and beyond, owing to the large unexploited spectrum, which translates to significantly high data rates. Although VLC systems are more immune against interference and less susceptible to security vulnerabilities since light does not penetrate through walls, security issues arise naturally in VLC channels due to their open and broadcasting nature, compared to fiber-optic systems. In addition, since VLC is considered to be an enabling technology for 5G, and security is one of the 5G fundamental requirements, security issues should be carefully addressed and resolved in the VLC context. On the other hand, due to the success of physical layer security (PLS) in improving the security of radio-frequency (RF) wireless networks, extending such PLS techniques to VLC systems has been of great interest. Only two survey papers on security in VLC have been published in the literature. However, a comparative and unified survey on PLS for VLC from information theoretic and signal processing point of views is still missing. This paper covers almost all aspects of PLS for VLC, including different channel models, input distributions, network configurations, precoding/signaling strategies, and secrecy capacity and information rates. Furthermore, we propose a number of timely and open research directions for PLS-VLC systems, including the application of measurement-based indoor and outdoor channel models, incorporating user mobility and device orientation into the channel model, and combining VLC and RF systems to realize the potential of such technologies.
The advent of 6G wireless networks requires strong physical layer security (PLS) measures to guard off ever-changing cyber dangers and guarantee extremely dependable communication. In congested locations, traditional security systems based on radio frequency (RF) encounter challenges such as increased interference, eavesdropping concerns, and spectrum congestion. To tackle these issues, the present research investigates how Visible Light Communication (VLC) might be incorporated into 6G networks to supplement existing methods of improving PLS. Minimizing interference from outside sources during VLC signal transmission, guaranteeing safe key exchange, and finding the optimal location for system performance and security are all significant obstacles. This research presents a new framework Quantum-Enhanced Secure VLC (QES-VLC), which uses adaptive beamforming in conjunction with quantum key distribution (QKD) to improve data security and reduce the probability of interception. This method guarantees a smooth handoff between hybrid VLC-RF networks and restricts illegal access by taking advantage of VLC's inherent directional transmission features. Secure vehicle communications, industrial automation, and smart city infrastructure of the future are all areas where this research could be beneficial. This approach enables ultra-secure, high-speed wireless networks by incorporating VLC into the 6G ecosystem; this improves security without reducing efficiency. An improvement in resilience against eavesdropping is achieved at 99.5%, a decrease in bit error rate to 15.7%, and an increase in secrecy capacity to 98.2%. An extensive simulation analysis is performed using MATLAB to test the suggested approach. The results showed that secure key exchange efficiency improved to 97.3%, while system latency and power consumption are lowered to 28.3% and 18.9%, respectively. In addition, its effectiveness in secure data transfer has been experimentally validated in a real-time VLC experimentation.