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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Adiabatic cooling of atoms by an intense standing wave

J. G. Story, J. Chen, Randall G. Hulet

Published May 10, 1992• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An atom slowly moving in a standing wave can be confined to, or in, the nodes of the standing wave if the atom’s kinetic energy is less than the depth of the potential formed by the interaction of the atom with the standing-wave radiation.1 We have observed a significant cooling of channeled atoms in one dimension resulting from an adiabatic turn-off of the standing-wave intensity.

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Adiabatic cooling of atoms by an intense standing wave

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Lithium atoms channeled in the nodes of an intense standing-wave radiation field are cooled to near the recoil limit by adibatically reducing the radiation intensity. The final momentum distribution has a narrow component with a root-mean-squared momentum of 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k in one dimension, where \ensuremath{\Elzxh}k is the momentum of a radiation-field photon. The data are compared with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation using a two-level atom model. This process may be useful for cooling and increasing the phase-space density of atoms confined in a magnetic trap.

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Investigation of Atomic Motion in AN Intense Standing Light Wave and Application to Adiabatic Laser Cooling of Atoms.

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Physical Review Letters•Oct 12, 1987•178 citations
An atom slowly moving in a standing wave can be confined to, or in, the nodes of the standing wave if the atom’s kinetic energy is less than the depth of the potential formed by the interaction of the atom with the standing-wave radiation.1 We have observed a significant cooling of channeled atoms in one dimension resulting from an adiabatic turn-off of the standing-wave intensity.
Lithium atoms channeled in the nodes of an intense standing-wave radiation field are cooled to near the recoil limit by adibatically reducing the radiation intensity. The final momentum distribution has a narrow component with a root-mean-squared momentum of 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k in one dimension, where \ensuremath{\Elzxh}k is the momentum of a radiation-field photon. The data are compared with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation using a two-level atom model. This process may be useful for cooling and increasing the phase-space density of atoms confined in a magnetic trap.
The effect of the dipole force and its fluctuation on the motion of Li atoms in an intense, one-dimensional, near-resonant standing light wave has been investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. The duration of the interaction of the atoms with the standing wave was varied from several tens of spontaneous emission lifetimes to several hundred. For a standing wave frequency blue-detuned from resonance, diffusive heating can dominate the time-averaged dissipative dipole force so that there is no steady-state momentum distribution. However, for sufficiently large blue detunings the rate of diffusion is so slow that the resulting distribution approaches a quasi-steady state. For red detunings the diffusion is balanced with the force and a true steady-state is achieved. A Monte Carlo method based on the density matrix equations in the dressed-state representation is applied to simulate the atomic motion. The dynamics of atom channeling is studied. One of the important applications of this investigation is adiabatic laser cooling of atoms. Lithium atoms channeled in the nodes of an intense standing wave radiation field are cooled to near the recoil limit, a single photon's momentum hbark\\hbar{k}hbark, by adiabatically reducing the radiation intensity. The final momentum distribution has a narrow component with a root mean squared momentum of 2 hbark\\hbar{k}hbark in one-dimension. The data are compared with the results obtained by the Monte Carlo method. This process may be useful for cooling and increasing the phase-space density of atoms confined in a magnetic trap.
This chapter provides a brief review of the recent theoretical and experimental results of channeling of atoms in the standing wave. It considers the channeling (one dimensional localization) of atoms in two configurations of the laser fields: a monochromatic and a bichromatic one dimensional laser fields. A quasi resonant monochromatic laser field creates a spatially periodic potential field with a period equal to a half of the wavelength. When atomic beam crosses standing wave and atoms have a low enough kinetic energy, they are guided into the channels where they move along the channel and oscillate in the transverse direction. To detect this channeling the atoms have been chosen themselves as probes of their position. A scheme of a cooling of atoms through their channeling is based on the adiabatic lowering the standing wave intensity.