Observation of Light-Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces in Ultracold Atomic Gases
Mira Maiwöger, Matthias Sonnleitner, Tiantian Zhang +7 more
Light-matter interaction is well understood on the single-atom level and routinely used to manipulate atomic gases.However, in denser ensembles, collective effects emerge that are caused by light-induced dipole-dipole interactions and multiple photon scattering.Here, we report on the observation of a mechanical deformation of a cloud of ultracold 87 Rb atoms due to the collective interplay of the atoms and a homogenous light field.This collective light scattering results in a self-confining potential with interesting features: It exhibits nonlocal properties, is attractive for both red-and blue-detuned light fields, and induces a remarkably strong force that depends on the gradient of the atomic density.Our experimental observations are discussed in the framework of a theoretical model based on a local-field approach for the light scattered by the atomic cloud.Our study provides a new angle on light propagation in highdensity ensembles and expands the range of tools available for tailoring interactions in ultracold atomic gases.
arXiv:2202.00562•Physical Review X•Jul 27, 2022•7 citations