Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep.

Key rate Available from Incompatible Mesurements in the BB84 Protocol and the Uncertainty Principle

Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Shun Watanabe

Published Jan 10, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Related papers

Key Rate Available from Mismatched Measurements in the BB84 Protocol and the Uncertainty Principle

隆太郎 松本, Ryutaroh Matsumoto, 峻 渡辺 +1 more

•Oct 1, 2008•0 citations

Key Rate Available from Mismatched Measurements in the BB84 Protocol and the Uncertainty Principle

Ryutaroh Matsumoto, Shun Watanabe

We consider the mismatched measurements in the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol, in which measuring bases are different from transmitting bases. We give a lower bound on the amount of a secret key that can be extracted from the mismatched measurements. Our lower bound shows that we can extract a secret key from the mismatched measurements with certain quantum channels, such as the channel over which the Hadamard matrix is applied to each qubit with high probability. Moreover, the entropic uncertainty principle implies that one cannot extract the secret key from both matched measurements and mismatched ones simultaneously, when we use the standard information reconciliation and privacy amplification procedure.

arXiv:0711.1731•IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences•Oct 1, 2008•14 citations

A study on the key aspects of the BB84 protocol

Pedro Juan Roig, Salvador Alcaraz, Katja Gilly +2 more

International Conference on Integrated Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ICIICE)•Apr 18, 2026•0 citations

BB84 protocol using rotationally symmetric states and a Fresnel cone

Katherine Stevens, Amy McWilliam, Rair Macêdo +1 more

BB84 is one of the most prominent protocols for quantum key distribution (QKD), and the prototype for all protocols relying on Heisenberg's uncertainty relation to provide security. Photon polarization remains a chosen degree of freedom to implement QKD protocols, as its weak interaction with the environment creates stability during propagation. Generally, polarization-based QKD implementation requires a shared coordinate reference frame between the sender and receiver to maintain the assignment of the mutually unbiased bases. While this is easily realized for stationary systems, it proves challenging for handheld and satellite-to-satellite communication. The use of rotationally symmetric states, including some classes of vector beams, has been proposed to remove the need for a shared reference frame; however, most of these systems are wavelength dependent, thereby limiting available bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate a classical, proof-of-principle BB84 protocol using rotationally symmetric vector beams as the mutually unbiased basis, and a measurement system employing a Fresnel cone. Our results demonstrate that it can yield an error rate of 1.1%. This system is reference frame invariant and can be implemented in a wavelength-independent manner. We expect our technique to be suitable for implementing QKD in scenarios where the sender and receiver's coordinate systems rotate with respect to each other, such as with satellite or handheld communication, while still maintaining large bandwidth capabilities.

Optics Express•Jun 11, 2026•0 citations

Secure Key Rate of the BB84 Protocol using Finite Sample Bits

洋介 佐野, Yousuke Sano, 隆太郎 松本 +3 more

•Jun 1, 2010•0 citations

Improved one-way rates for BB84 and 6-State Protocols

Kern, Oliver, Renes, Joseph M.

•Sep 1, 2008•0 citations
We consider the mismatched measurements in the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol, in which measuring bases are different from transmitting bases. We give a lower bound on the amount of a secret key that can be extracted from the mismatched measurements. Our lower bound shows that we can extract a secret key from the mismatched measurements with certain quantum channels, such as the channel over which the Hadamard matrix is applied to each qubit with high probability. Moreover, the entropic uncertainty principle implies that one cannot extract the secret key from both matched measurements and mismatched ones simultaneously, when we use the standard information reconciliation and privacy amplification procedure.
BB84 is one of the most prominent protocols for quantum key distribution (QKD), and the prototype for all protocols relying on Heisenberg's uncertainty relation to provide security. Photon polarization remains a chosen degree of freedom to implement QKD protocols, as its weak interaction with the environment creates stability during propagation. Generally, polarization-based QKD implementation requires a shared coordinate reference frame between the sender and receiver to maintain the assignment of the mutually unbiased bases. While this is easily realized for stationary systems, it proves challenging for handheld and satellite-to-satellite communication. The use of rotationally symmetric states, including some classes of vector beams, has been proposed to remove the need for a shared reference frame; however, most of these systems are wavelength dependent, thereby limiting available bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate a classical, proof-of-principle BB84 protocol using rotationally symmetric vector beams as the mutually unbiased basis, and a measurement system employing a Fresnel cone. Our results demonstrate that it can yield an error rate of 1.1%. This system is reference frame invariant and can be implemented in a wavelength-independent manner. We expect our technique to be suitable for implementing QKD in scenarios where the sender and receiver's coordinate systems rotate with respect to each other, such as with satellite or handheld communication, while still maintaining large bandwidth capabilities.