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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Study on Time-dependent Broad Feshbach Resonance Scattering in Ultracold Fermi Atoms of 6Li

张蓓 Zhang Bei, 李芳 Li Fang, 邓书金 DENG Shu-jin, 武海斌 WU Hai-bin

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.3788/jqo20192504.0502

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An interacting Fermi-Fermi mixture at the crossover of a narrow Feshbach resonance

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This work describes experiments with quantum-degenerate atomic mixtures at ultracold temperatures, where quantum statistics determine macroscopic system properties. The first heteronuclear molecules at ultracold temperatures are formed in a quantum degenerate two-species Fermi-Fermi mixture on the repulsive side of a narrow s-wave Feshbach resonance. Elastic collisions in this mixture are investigated with the method of cross-dimensional relaxation. Long-lived two-body bound states on the atomic side of the resonance are detected due to a many-body effect at the crossover of the narrow Feshbach resonance. In addition, atom scattering with fermionic 40K on a light field grating in the Bragg and Kapitza-Dirac regimes is realized for the first time. The versatile experimental platform, where the investigations are done, offers the possibility to perform studies on mixtures involving the bosonic species 87Rb and the two fermionic species 6Li and 40K. Within this work, mainly interactions between the two fermionic species are considered. A quantum-degenerate mixture of 6Li and 40K can be used to create heteronuclear bosonic molecules close to an interspecies s-wave Feshbach resonance. By an adiabatic magnetic field sweep, up to 4 × 10^4 molecules are produced with conversion efficiencies close to 50%. A direct and sensitive molecule detection method is developed to probe molecule properties. The lifetime of the molecules in an atom-molecule mixture exhibits a strong magnetic field dependence. Close to resonance, lifetimes of more than 100ms are observed what offers excellent starting conditions for further investigation and manipulation of the molecular cloud. The interspecies Feshbach resonance, which serves for the production of molecules, is further characterized. The method of cross-dimensional relaxation is applied for the first time to a Fermi-Fermi mixture. For this method, a non-equilibrium state is created, which rethermalizes by pure interspecies collisions due to the fermionic nature of the two species. The lighter atomic species, 6Li, relaxes faster in the mixture than the heavier one, 40K. This is verified by an analytical model, Monte-Carlo simulations, and measurements. With this technique, elastic scattering cross sections are measured over a wide range of magnetic field strengths across the Feshbach resonance. The position (B0 = 154.71(5)G) and the magnetic field width of the Feshbach resonance (Delta = 1.02(7)G) are determined. By comparison of the several measurements, long-lived bound states exist on the atomic side of the resonance due to a many-body effect in the crossover regime of the resonance. In addition, atomic scattering with ultracold 40K on a light field crystal is studied for the first time. The light grating is generated by two counter-propagating laser beams. Suitable pulse parameters for the realization of atom scattering in the Bragg and Kapitza-Dirac regime are found. The momentum spread of the cloud determines the efficiency of the scattering process, which is increased by lowering the temperature of the system.

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Atomic Feshbach resonances have recently been used to produce a strongly interacting Fermi gas, where the BCS/BEC crossover can be explored. We have used both narrow and broad Feshbach resonances to convert a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of 6Li atoms into an ultracold gas of Li2 molecules. For the narrow resonances, the molecules are formed by coherent adiabatic passage through the resonance. We find that 50% of the atoms are converted to molecules. Furthermore, the lifetime of these molecules was measured to be surprisingly long, 1 s. We will discuss these measurements in the context of the present theoretical understanding. Molecules can also be formed using static fields near the broad Feshbach resonance. The lifetime of these molecules is again long, and sufficient to enable their evaporation to a Bose‐Einstein condensate. Phase contrast images of the molecular condensate are presented. The BCS/BEC crossover may be explored by starting with a pure molecular condensate on the low‐field side of the Feshbach resonance, and adiabatically changing the field to any final value around resonance. We combine this ability with optical spectroscopy on a bound‐bound molecular transition to probe the nature of the many‐body wavefunction in the crossover regime.

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Observation of Feshbach resonances in the collisions of ultracold lithium-6 and cesium-133 atoms

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 4, 2013•0 citations
This work describes experiments with quantum-degenerate atomic mixtures at ultracold temperatures, where quantum statistics determine macroscopic system properties. The first heteronuclear molecules at ultracold temperatures are formed in a quantum degenerate two-species Fermi-Fermi mixture on the repulsive side of a narrow s-wave Feshbach resonance. Elastic collisions in this mixture are investigated with the method of cross-dimensional relaxation. Long-lived two-body bound states on the atomic side of the resonance are detected due to a many-body effect at the crossover of the narrow Feshbach resonance. In addition, atom scattering with fermionic 40K on a light field grating in the Bragg and Kapitza-Dirac regimes is realized for the first time. The versatile experimental platform, where the investigations are done, offers the possibility to perform studies on mixtures involving the bosonic species 87Rb and the two fermionic species 6Li and 40K. Within this work, mainly interactions between the two fermionic species are considered. A quantum-degenerate mixture of 6Li and 40K can be used to create heteronuclear bosonic molecules close to an interspecies s-wave Feshbach resonance. By an adiabatic magnetic field sweep, up to 4 × 10^4 molecules are produced with conversion efficiencies close to 50%. A direct and sensitive molecule detection method is developed to probe molecule properties. The lifetime of the molecules in an atom-molecule mixture exhibits a strong magnetic field dependence. Close to resonance, lifetimes of more than 100ms are observed what offers excellent starting conditions for further investigation and manipulation of the molecular cloud. The interspecies Feshbach resonance, which serves for the production of molecules, is further characterized. The method of cross-dimensional relaxation is applied for the first time to a Fermi-Fermi mixture. For this method, a non-equilibrium state is created, which rethermalizes by pure interspecies collisions due to the fermionic nature of the two species. The lighter atomic species, 6Li, relaxes faster in the mixture than the heavier one, 40K. This is verified by an analytical model, Monte-Carlo simulations, and measurements. With this technique, elastic scattering cross sections are measured over a wide range of magnetic field strengths across the Feshbach resonance. The position (B0 = 154.71(5)G) and the magnetic field width of the Feshbach resonance (Delta = 1.02(7)G) are determined. By comparison of the several measurements, long-lived bound states exist on the atomic side of the resonance due to a many-body effect in the crossover regime of the resonance. In addition, atomic scattering with ultracold 40K on a light field crystal is studied for the first time. The light grating is generated by two counter-propagating laser beams. Suitable pulse parameters for the realization of atom scattering in the Bragg and Kapitza-Dirac regime are found. The momentum spread of the cloud determines the efficiency of the scattering process, which is increased by lowering the temperature of the system.
Atomic Feshbach resonances have recently been used to produce a strongly interacting Fermi gas, where the BCS/BEC crossover can be explored. We have used both narrow and broad Feshbach resonances to convert a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of 6Li atoms into an ultracold gas of Li2 molecules. For the narrow resonances, the molecules are formed by coherent adiabatic passage through the resonance. We find that 50% of the atoms are converted to molecules. Furthermore, the lifetime of these molecules was measured to be surprisingly long, 1 s. We will discuss these measurements in the context of the present theoretical understanding. Molecules can also be formed using static fields near the broad Feshbach resonance. The lifetime of these molecules is again long, and sufficient to enable their evaporation to a Bose‐Einstein condensate. Phase contrast images of the molecular condensate are presented. The BCS/BEC crossover may be explored by starting with a pure molecular condensate on the low‐field side of the Feshbach resonance, and adiabatically changing the field to any final value around resonance. We combine this ability with optical spectroscopy on a bound‐bound molecular transition to probe the nature of the many‐body wavefunction in the crossover regime.