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Iraqi Journal of Physics

Study of optical bistability in a fully optimized laser Fabry-Perot system

Ali Hassan Khidhir

Published Jan 5, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The analytical study of optical bistability is concerned in a fullyoptimized laser Fabry-Perot system. The related phenomena ofswitching dynamics and optimization procedure are also included.From the steady state of optical bistability equation can plot theincident intensity versus the round trip phase shift (φ) for differentvalues of dark mistuning 12,6,3,1.50 , o    or finesse (F= 1, 5, 20,100). In order to obtain different optical bistable loops. The inputoutputcharacteristic for a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon of a differentvalues of finesse (F) and using different initial detuning (φ0) are usedin this research. When the cavity finesse values increase, the switch-ON intensity increases for the same value of (φ0), because thebistable loop width increases with increasing the cavity finessevalues.

DOI
10.30723/ijp.v16i39.113

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•Jan 1, 1988•1 citation
The analytical study of optical bistability is concerned in a fullyoptimized laser Fabry-Perot system. The related phenomena ofswitching dynamics and optimization procedure are also included.From the steady state of optical bistability equation can plot theincident intensity versus the round trip phase shift (φ) for differentvalues of dark mistuning 12,6,3,1.50 , o    or finesse (F= 1, 5, 20,100). In order to obtain different optical bistable loops. The inputoutputcharacteristic for a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon of a differentvalues of finesse (F) and using different initial detuning (φ0) are usedin this research. When the cavity finesse values increase, the switch-ON intensity increases for the same value of (φ0), because thebistable loop width increases with increasing the cavity finessevalues.
In this work, the external switching dynamics of a Fabry-Perot etalon are studied via optical bistability system simulation. The simulated set-up of this investigation consists of two laser beams; the first beam is continuous (CW) which is considered as a biasing beam and capable of holding the bistable system for a certain range, which we are interested in, from a point that is very close self-switching to a point where the switching is unachievable. The second beam is modulated by passing the first beam through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to produce pulses with a minimum rise time and is used as an external source (coherent switching). In this work, we obtained the optical bistable loops by applying absorption coefficient (α) = 20cm-1, e sample etalon thickness (D) = 110μm, forward mirror reflectivity (Rf) = 0.6, and backward mirror reflectivity (Rb) = 0.95. The steady state characteristic of an initial detuning of the cavity (φ0) = 0.8 was studied at the conditions of no external input pulse intensity (M(t) = 0) and switching that takes place at Is(ON)= 0.57mW and Is(OFF) = 0.4mW.
In this work, analytical study for simulating a Fabry-Perot bistable etalon (F-P cavity) filled with a dispersive optimized nonlinear optical material (Kerr type) such as semiconductors Indium Antimonide (InSb). Because of a trade off between the etalon finesse values and driving terms, an optimization procedures have been done on the InSb etalon/CO laser parameters, using critical switching irradiance (Ic) via simulation systems of optimization procedures of optical cavity. in order to achieve the minimum switching power and faster switching time, the optimization parameters of the finesse values and driving terms on optical bistability and switching dynamics must be studied. In addition, for different values of a cavity finesse (for example, F = 25 and 2.37) the switching intensity takes low values with a high finesse etalon compared to a high switching intensity with a low finesse etalon. So, the minimum switching power for a low finesse etalon is ⁓0.785mW, and is about 0.0785mW for a high finesse etalon. The driving term peak of a high finesse etalon becomes higher and the slowing down region becomes less, leading to a fast switching as compared with a slow switching in a low finesse etalon. So that, the minimum switching time was about 300ns for a low finesse etalon, and about 150ns for a high finesse etalon.
We present a theory of optical bistability for a Fabry-Perot cavity containing a medium with nonlinear refraction but linear absorption with only plane-wave and slowly varying envelope approximations. An analytic expression for the critical intensity Icfor the onset of bistability is derived and used to compare cavity designs. It is shown that 1) the important material parameter for minimum Icis the ration_{2}/\alpha 2) the limit to Icis set by limitations on finesse due to inhomogeneities rather than the absorption itself, and 3) the cavity design which gives lowest Icfor a given finesse is that for which the mirror transmissivity equals the absorption per pass; at high finesse this design leads to a total peak cavity transmission of 1/4 when mirror reflectivities are equal.
In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that accurately describes the nonlinear phenomenon of optical bistability in Fabry-Perot laser containing a saturable absorber "LSA". We present an analytical model for optical bistability in a LSA. The physics of optical bistability in a classical optical resonant system such as Fabry-Perot etalon has been well-established, and can be described by simple analytical models. The photon intensities were determined as a function of the pumping rate of the active medium, and we analyzed the linear stability of the stationary solutions obtained.
Since the discovery of optical bistability a considerable amount of research activity has been aimed toward the realization of general-purpose all-optical computers. The basic premise for most of this work is the widely held notion that a reliable optical switch can be fabricated from a piece of optically bistable material. To date only a very small number of published articles have addressed the subject of the engineering issues (that is, the optimization and tolerancing) of these optical switches. This dissertation is a systematic treatment of these issues. From the starting point of Maxwell's equations a simple model of optically bistable Fabry-Perot etalons is outlined, in which the material is assumed to be a pure Kerr medium having linear absorption. This model allows for a relatively straightforward optical switch optimization procedure. The procedure is applicable for optimizing any number of switch parameters. The emphasis in this dissertation is on the optimization of the contrast of the switch's output signals, with the other parameters (switching energy, tolerance sensitivity) assuming a secondary yet critical role. Following the optimization of the optical switch is a tolerance analysis which addresses the manufacturability and noise immunity of the optimized switch. In the first part of this analysis equations describing the propagation of errors through a large scale system of like devices are derived from the truth tables of the switches themselves. From these equations worst case tolerances are established on the optical switch's transfer function parameters. In the second part of the tolerance analysis the bistability model is used to arrive at tolerances on the physical parameters of the switch. These tolerances are what determine the manufacturability of the optical switches. The major conclusion of the dissertation is that, within the range of validity of the model and the other simplifying assumptions, optically bistable Fabry-Perot etalons cannot be used reliably as logic gates in large-scale computing systems.