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Acta Physica Sinica

Analysis on the absorption curve asymmetry of electromagnetically induced transparency in Rb87 cold atoms

Jin-Hai Bai, Lu Xiao-Gang, Miao Xing-Xu, Li-Ya Pei, Meng Wang, Gao Yan-Lei, Ruquan Wang, Ling-An Wu, Panming Fu, Zuo Zhan-Chun

Published Jan 1, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The asymmetry of the absorption curve of electromagnetically induced transparency by a resonant coupling field in -type three-level systems for Rb87 cold atoms is investigated. We find that it is the other excited state, separated by an interval of 814 MHz, that induces this phenomenon. The primary cause of it is the stimulated Raman scattering. We also find that the ratio between the heights of the absorption peaks on the two sides of the transparency window is proportional to the intensity of the coupling beam. The theoretical result agrees well with the experimental data.

DOI
10.7498/aps.64.034206

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The asymmetry of the absorption curve of electromagnetically induced transparency by a resonant coupling field in -type three-level systems for Rb87 cold atoms is investigated. We find that it is the other excited state, separated by an interval of 814 MHz, that induces this phenomenon. The primary cause of it is the stimulated Raman scattering. We also find that the ratio between the heights of the absorption peaks on the two sides of the transparency window is proportional to the intensity of the coupling beam. The theoretical result agrees well with the experimental data.
The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in 85Rb atomic vapor is studied in a -type of four-level system with the coupling laser frequency detuned from the atomic resonance frequency. We find that the EIT intensity grows weaker as the coupling laser frequency is detuned from resonance, but the relative depth of the transparency window increases. The maximum depth appears when the coupling frequency is detuned at about +180 MHz, not at the resonance frequency. We demonstrate that this is a result of the combined effect of the two excited states, and present a theoretical analysis based on the four-level system, which agrees quite well with the experimental results.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an atomic coherence effect. The asymmetry of EIT signal has been found on experiment. Based on the ladder-type three-level system 6S 1/2 →6P 3/2 →nD 5/2 without considering the degenerate excited state, a four-level atomic system can be obtained by introducing the degenerate level nD 3/2 of Rydberg state, and the influence of degenerate level on the EIT absorption curve is theoretically studied. The results show that the principal quantum number n has little effect on the population of different energy levels, but has great effect on the absorption curve of the probe laser. At the same time, we use the height ratio of wave crest (trough) to describe the asymmetry. Under the definite principal quantum n , we find that the Rabi frequency of probe laser is positively correlated with the asymmetry of absorption curve. The Rabi frequency of the coupling laser is also positively correlated with the asymmetry of the absorption curve.
Based on our experimental observations of the resonant stimulated Raman gain and loss spectra in Rb atomic vapor, we propose an alternative interpretation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We find that, in the presence of a coupling field, a probe beam can exhibit both gain and loss depending on the frequencies of the incident beams. The gain and loss can coexist in a Doppler-broadened system, leading to polarization interference between atoms of different velocities, with a sharp transition from gain to loss as the probe-field frequency is scanned. We use the concept of Raman gain, instead of the commonly accepted quantum Fano interference, to explain the phenomenon of EIT and its transparency window as being due to the suppression of linear absorption by the Raman gain. Using this concept, the phenomena of EIT and Autler-Townes splitting may be explained within the same framework.
Theoretical and experimental studies of stimulated Raman spectrum with the D1 line of an 85Rb atomic vapor system are performed. In this Λ-type system, we discover that the influence of the pump on the probe field includes two parts: stimulated Raman excitation and optical pumping. Depending on the pump frequency detuning and field intensity conditions, the Raman spectrum can display either gain or loss. When the optically pumped absorption spectrum is taken as background, either a narrow transparent window or an absorption doublet with widely different linewidths appears. Our theoretical analysis agrees well with our experimental observations. Based on these studies, we present an interpretation from a new viewpoint of the physics of electromagnetically induced transparency (with on-resonance pumping) and Autler-Townes splitting (with far off-resonance pumping) in a Λ-type level atomic system, giving the relationship between these two important phenomena and the Raman spectrum.
Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and velocity-selective transparency peaks are observed in the probe absorption signal of V-type five-level atomic systems interacting with copropagating control and probe fields. At high control beam intensity, a splitting of EIA occurs. The experiment shows similar results for both Rb87 and Rb85 isotopes at room temperature. A density matrix-based theoretical model of this five-level system has been developed and solved numerically under steady-state condition. The simulated spectra agree quite well with the experimental findings. An analytic expression for the probe response is derived and used to find out the causes for the splitting of EIA.
Absorption spectra of cold caesium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap are measured around D 2 line at 852nm with a weak probe beam. Absorption reduction dip due to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect induced by the cooling/trapping field in a V-type three-level system and a gain peak near the cycling transition are clearly observed. Several mechanisms mixed with EIT effect in a normal V-type three-level system are briefly discussed. A simple theoretical analysis based on a dressed-state model is presented for interpretation of the absorption spectra.