Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Information, Communication and Systems (SPICSCON)

Single Photon Mach Zehnder Interferometer on Lithium Niobate Substrate

Md Sakibul Islam

Published Nov 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Mach Zehnder Interferometer is a corroboration of wave-particle duality property, hence matter waves for single photon can construct interference. To create this interference on a nonlinear ferromagnetic materials e.g. lithium niobate a beam splitter and a combiner is required. An applied voltage can control the interference. In this work, a photonic-integration application of mach zehnder interferometer is demonstrated. Lithium niobate crystal has been doped by titanium to make a better propagation of optical beam. Mathematical assumptions are proofed with software simulation for the interferometric device.

DOI
10.1109/spicscon48833.2019.9065024

Related papers

On-chip tunable quantum interference in a lithium niobate-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit

Andreas Maeder, Giovanni Finco, Fabian Kaufmann +4 more

Abstract Programmable interferometric circuits are at the heart of integrated quantum photonic processors. While the lithium niobate-on-insulator platform has the potential to advance integrated quantum photonics due to its strong nonlinearity and tight mode confinement, the demonstration of reconfigurable two-photon interference has not yet been achieved. Here, we design, fabricate and characterize the building block of such interferometric networks in the form of a 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder Interferometer. We use a thermo-optic phase shifter to achieve stable performance with a power consumption of P π = 44.4 mW and sub-microsecond switching times. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our device for quantum applications by measuring single-photon routing with up to 34 dB extinction ratio. We show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with fully tunable visibilities reaching a maximum value of 97.4 ± 1.0 % . As part of large scale quantum photonic circuits, this building block will facilitate reconfigurable and tunable photonic processing units integrated alongside non-classical light sources.

Quantum Science and Technology•May 14, 2024•11 citations

Integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer for Bose–Einstein condensates

Tarik Berrada, Sandrine van Frank, Robert Bücker +3 more

Particle-wave duality enables the construction of interferometers for matter waves, which complement optical interferometers in precision measurement devices. This requires the development of atom-optics analogues to beam splitters, phase shifters and recombiners. Integrating these elements into a single device has been a long-standing goal. Here we demonstrate a full Mach–Zehnder sequence with trapped Bose–Einstein condensates confined on an atom chip. Particle interactions in our Bose–Einstein condensate matter waves lead to a nonlinearity, absent in photon optics. We exploit it to generate a non-classical state having reduced number fluctuations inside the interferometer. Making use of spatially separated wave packets, a controlled phase shift is applied and read out by a non-adiabatic matter-wave recombiner. We demonstrate coherence times a factor of three beyond what is expected for coherent states, highlighting the potential of entanglement as a resource for metrology. Our results pave the way for integrated quantum-enhanced matter-wave sensors. Atom interferometers exploit wave-particle duality and can be used as sensitive measurement devices. Berrada et al.present a Mach–Zehnder interferometer for Bose–Einstein condensates trapped on an atom chip and demonstrate enhanced performance using non-classical states.

arXiv:1303.1030•Nature Communications•Jun 27, 2013•272 citations

Mach-Zehnder interferometer using frequency-domain beamsplitter

Toshiki Kobayashi, Daisuke Yamazaki, Kenichiro Matsuki +7 more

We demonstrate a first-order interference between coherent light at 1580 nm and 795 nm by using a frequency-domain Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI is implemented by two frequency-domain BSs based on a second-order nonlinear optical effect in a periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide with a strong pump light. The observed visibility is over 0.99 at 50% conversion efficiencies of the BSs. Toward photonic quantum information processing, sufficiently small background photon rate is necessary. From measurement results with a superconducting single photon detector (SSPD), we discuss the feasibility of the frequency-domain MZI in a quantum regime. Our estimation shows that the single photon interference with the visibility above 0.9 is feasible with practical settings.

arXiv:1703.08114•Optics Express•May 12, 2017•22 citations

Revisiting Wave–Particle Duality: A Simulation of Single-Photon Interference in a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Joy

This project revisits the problem by simulating single-photon interference in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer using Python. Results from this research show that interference emerges not because photons are both waves and particles, but because their probability amplitudes add coherently in superposition, which simplifies the interpretation of complementarity and connects directly to modern applications of quantum photonics in communication and quantum information processing.

•Nov 10, 2025•0 citations

Revisiting Wave–Particle Duality: A Simulation of Single-Photon Interference in a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Iheka, Joy Ugochukwu

This project revisits wave-particle duality by simulating single-photon interference in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer using Python. Results from this research show that interference emerges not because photons are both waves and particles, but because their probability amplitudes add coherently in superposition, which simplifies the interpretation of complementarity and connects directly to modern applications of quantum photonics in communication and quantum information processing.

•Nov 11, 2025•0 citations

Design of Switch gate using Mach-Zehnder interferometer for quantum communications

Santosh Kumar, Amna Bedi, Nan‐Kuang Chen

In this paper, a design of reversible switch gate using lithium-niobate based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for quantum communications is proposed. The results are verified using beam propagation method.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2018•1 citation
Mach Zehnder Interferometer is a corroboration of wave-particle duality property, hence matter waves for single photon can construct interference. To create this interference on a nonlinear ferromagnetic materials e.g. lithium niobate a beam splitter and a combiner is required. An applied voltage can control the interference. In this work, a photonic-integration application of mach zehnder interferometer is demonstrated. Lithium niobate crystal has been doped by titanium to make a better propagation of optical beam. Mathematical assumptions are proofed with software simulation for the interferometric device.
Abstract Programmable interferometric circuits are at the heart of integrated quantum photonic processors. While the lithium niobate-on-insulator platform has the potential to advance integrated quantum photonics due to its strong nonlinearity and tight mode confinement, the demonstration of reconfigurable two-photon interference has not yet been achieved. Here, we design, fabricate and characterize the building block of such interferometric networks in the form of a 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder Interferometer. We use a thermo-optic phase shifter to achieve stable performance with a power consumption of P π = 44.4 mW and sub-microsecond switching times. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our device for quantum applications by measuring single-photon routing with up to 34 dB extinction ratio. We show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with fully tunable visibilities reaching a maximum value of 97.4 ± 1.0 % . As part of large scale quantum photonic circuits, this building block will facilitate reconfigurable and tunable photonic processing units integrated alongside non-classical light sources.
Particle-wave duality enables the construction of interferometers for matter waves, which complement optical interferometers in precision measurement devices. This requires the development of atom-optics analogues to beam splitters, phase shifters and recombiners. Integrating these elements into a single device has been a long-standing goal. Here we demonstrate a full Mach–Zehnder sequence with trapped Bose–Einstein condensates confined on an atom chip. Particle interactions in our Bose–Einstein condensate matter waves lead to a nonlinearity, absent in photon optics. We exploit it to generate a non-classical state having reduced number fluctuations inside the interferometer. Making use of spatially separated wave packets, a controlled phase shift is applied and read out by a non-adiabatic matter-wave recombiner. We demonstrate coherence times a factor of three beyond what is expected for coherent states, highlighting the potential of entanglement as a resource for metrology. Our results pave the way for integrated quantum-enhanced matter-wave sensors. Atom interferometers exploit wave-particle duality and can be used as sensitive measurement devices. Berrada et al.present a Mach–Zehnder interferometer for Bose–Einstein condensates trapped on an atom chip and demonstrate enhanced performance using non-classical states.
We demonstrate a first-order interference between coherent light at 1580 nm and 795 nm by using a frequency-domain Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI is implemented by two frequency-domain BSs based on a second-order nonlinear optical effect in a periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide with a strong pump light. The observed visibility is over 0.99 at 50% conversion efficiencies of the BSs. Toward photonic quantum information processing, sufficiently small background photon rate is necessary. From measurement results with a superconducting single photon detector (SSPD), we discuss the feasibility of the frequency-domain MZI in a quantum regime. Our estimation shows that the single photon interference with the visibility above 0.9 is feasible with practical settings.