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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Probing quench dynamics across a quantum phase transition into a 2D Ising antiferromagnet

Waseem Bakr

Published Mar 4, 2020• 0 citations
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We study the relationship between quench dynamics of entanglement and quantum phase transition in the antiferromagnetic Ising model with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction by using the quantum renormalization-group method and the definition of negativity. Two types of quench protocols (i) adding the DM interaction suddenly and (ii) rotating the spins around x axis are considered to drive the dynamics of the system, respectively. By comparing the behaviors of entanglement in both types of quench protocols, the effects of quench on dynamics of entanglement are studied. It is found that there is the same characteristic time at which the negativity firstly reaches its maximum although the system shows different dynamical behaviors. Especially, the characteristic time can accurately reflect the quantum phase transition from antiferromagnetic to saturated chiral phases in the system. In addition, the correlation length exponent can be obtained by exploring the nonanalytic and scaling behaviors of the derivative of the characteristic time.
The understanding of nonequilibrium dynamics in many-body quantum systems is a fundamental issue in statistical physics. Experiments that probe universal properties of these systems can address such foundational questions. In this study, we report the measurement of universal dynamics triggered by a quench from the superfluid to normal phase across the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas. We reduced the density by splitting the 2D gas in two, realizing a quench across the critical point. The subsequent relaxation dynamics were probed with matter-wave interferometry to measure the local phase fluctuations. We show that the time evolution of both the phase correlation function and vortex density obeys universal scaling laws. This conclusion is supported by classical-field simulations and interpreted by means of real-time renormalization group theory.