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Chinese Journal of Lasers

Noise Analysis of Single-Frequency Laser Source in Preparation of Squeezed-State Light Field

史少平 Shaoping Shi, 杨文海 Wenhai Yang, 郑耀辉 Yaohui Zheng, Yajun Wang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.3788/cjl201946.0701009

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Squeezed states, which have fewer fluctuations in one quadrature than vacuum noise at the expense of increasing fluctuations in the other quadrature, can be used to enhance measurement accuracy, increase detection sensitivity, and improve fault tolerance performance for quantum information and quantum computation. In this paper, the influences of relative intensity noise (RIN) of all-solid-state single-frequency laser and single-frequency fiber laser on the squeezing factor of squeezed vacuum states are experimentally and theoretically studied. Here, an all-solid-state single-frequency laser and a single-frequency fiber laser each are used as a light source of the system generating squeezed vacuum states. The homodyne detection is used to compare the RIN of all-solid-state single-frequency laser and that of single-frequency fiber laser at the analysis frequency of 1 MHz. The results show that the RIN of the all-solid-state single-frequency laser and single-frequency fiber laser are higher than those of the shot noise limitation 2.3 dB and 30 dB at the analysis frequency of 1 MHz, respectively. The RIN of all-solid-state single-frequency laser is far less than that of the single-frequency fiber laser. As a result, squeezed vacuum state with maximum quantum noise reduction of (13.2 ± 0.2) dB and (10 ± 0.2) dB are directly detected. Theoretical calculation shows that the influence of the RIN on the measurement accuracy is the major factor of degrading the squeezing factor with the fiber laser as the pump source. The measurement error of squeezed vacuum state caused by the RIN of single-frequency fiber laser is about 2.6 dB. The discrepancy of the pump power between the two lasers is another factor of affecting the squeezing factor, corresponding to 0.6 dB quantum noise difference. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental results, which provides some guidance for developing the practical squeezed states with highly squeezing level.
Continuous variable (CV) audio-band frequency squeezed states at the fiber telecommunication wavelength is an important quantum resource for the practical applications based on optical fiber. As is well known, the optical power attenuation and phase diffusion effect of light at 1.3 μm in standard telecommunication fibres are low and small, respectively. The audio-band frequency squeezed light at 1.34 μm can be utilized to realize quantum precision measurement, such as quantum-enhanced sensing in the low-frequency range, laser interferometer for gravitational wave detection. In this paper, CV audio-band frequency vacuum squeezed states at 1.3 μm are experimentally generated by using a type-I degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) below the threshold. A home-made continuous-wave single-frequency dual-wavelength (671 nm and 1.34 μm) Nd:YVO4/LBO laser is used as a pump source for DOPO based on a type-I quasi-phase-matched periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal. Mode cleaners with a finesse of 400 and linewidth of 0.75 MHz are used to filter the noise of lasers at 671 nm and 1.34 μm, respectively. The intensity noises of the two lasers reach a shot noise level for analysis frequencies higher than 1.0 MHz and their phase noises reach shot noise level for analysis frequencies higher than 1.3 MHz, respectively. The low noise single-frequency 671 nm laser is utilized as a pump of the DOPO. The threshold power of the DOPO is 450 mW. In order to detect the audio-band frequency vacuum squeezed states, the power of local oscillator of a homodyne detector system is optimized to 60 μupW. Furthermore, the effect of common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of detectors is discussed in detecting the audio-band frequency vacuum squeezed states. Improvement of CMRR of detectors is a good way to detect the audio-band frequency vacuum squeezed states effectively. When the phase matching temperature of PPKTP crystal is controlled at 53℃ by using a home-made temperature controller and the pump power is 95 mW, the vacuum squeezed states are generated at analysis frequency ranging from 8-100 kHz. A maximum measured squeeze of 5.0 dB is obtained at analysis frequency of 36 kHz. A 3.0 dB squeezed light is obtained at an audio-band frequency of 8 kHz.
Solid state laser sources, such as diode-pumped Nd:YAG lasers, have given us CW laser light of high power with unprecedented stability and low noise performance. In these lasers most of the technical sources of noise can be eliminated allowing them to be operated close to the theoretical noise limit set by the quantum properties of light. The next step of reducing the noise below the standard limit is known as squeezing. We present experimental progress in generating reliably squeezed light using the process of frequency doubling. We emphasize the long term stability that makes this a truly practical source of squeezed light. Our experimental results match noise spectra calculated with our recently developed models of coupled systems which include the noise generated inside the laser and its interaction with the frequency doubler. We conclude with some observations on evaluating quadrature squeezed states of light.