Security and reliability of traditional cryptographic methods for ensuring confidentiality is questionable taking into account contemporary threats (HPC, Grid technologies, quantum computing et al). Alternatively, quantum cryptography has proven itself as a more reliable information security technology. It's independent from intruder computational capability, uses specific unique properties of quantum particles, and based on quantum physics laws inviolability. However, data transmission using deterministic quantum protocol with depolarizing quantum channel is not studied today (potentially, intruder can hide his probes in this channel). From this viewpoint, the model of an intruder control mode for deterministic protocol with Bell states of qutrit pairs in the noisy depolarizing channel is developed and a simulation of this protocol in such channel is fulfilled. Also, the formula for a total probability of an error, which can arise both owing to attack, and owing to natural noise, at measurement in a intruder control mode is derived.
Security and reliability of traditional cryptographic methods for ensuring confidentiality is questionable taking into account contemporary threats (HPC, Grid technologies, quantum computing et al). Alternatively, quantum cryptography has proven itself as a more reliable information security technology. It's independent from intruder computational capability, uses specific unique properties of quantum particles, and based on quantum physics laws inviolability. However, data transmission using deterministic quantum protocol with depolarizing quantum channel is not studied today (potentially, intruder can hide his probes in this channel). From this viewpoint, the model of an intruder control mode for deterministic protocol with Bell states of qutrit pairs in the noisy depolarizing channel is developed and a simulation of this protocol in such channel is fulfilled. Also, the formula for a total probability of an error, which can arise both owing to attack, and owing to natural noise, at measurement in a intruder control mode is derived.
Traditional cryptographic methods have persistence, which are based on the alleged impossibility of solving a certain mathematical problem for a polynomial time. As an alternative quantum cryptography technologies don't depend on the computational capabilities of the intruder, because they use the unique properties of quantum particles, and are based on the principles of quantum physics laws inviolability. There are many methods and approaches used to solve the tasks of securing the privacy of message transmission without the use of encryption. One of the most advanced quantum cryptography technology is quantum direct secure communication, which allows information transmitting by an open channel without prior encryption. For this purpose, model of quantum deterministic protocol (for two modes of work) was created. Also the experimental studies of a deterministic protocol model in a channel with noise were carried out.
The development of modern computer technologies endangers the confidentiality of information, which is usually ensured by traditional cryptographic means. This circumstance forces us to look for new methods of protection. In view of modern trends, quantum cryptography methods can become such alternatives, which allow solving a number of important cryptographic problems, for which the impossibility of solving using only classical (that is, non-quantum) communication has been proven. Quantum cryptography is a branch of quantum informatics that studies methods of protecting information by using quantum carriers. The possibility of such protection is ensured by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. One of the promising directions of quantum cryptography is Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) that offers secure communication without any shared key. A characteristic feature of this method is the absence of cryptographic transformations, accordingly, there is no key distribution problem. The purpose of this work is a general overview of quantum cryptography protocols, finding their weak points for further development and improvement, as well as identifying vulnerabilities to different attacks. The article analyzes new methods and protocols, as well as presents their advantages and disadvantages. Based on partial generalizations of theoretical provisions and practical achievements in the field of quantum cryptography, a generalized classification was developed. By comparing various factors of the protocols, and their resistance to certain cyberattacks, we have the opportunity to identify several problems in this field and expand the possibilities for choosing appropriate methods for building modern quantum information protection systems. In accordance with this, conclusions were presented regarding the use of protocols and increasing the level of their effectiveness.
It is well known that threats and attacks to information on the digital network environment are growing rapidly, putting extra pressure on individuals and businesses to protect their privacy and intellectual property. For this reason, many cryptographic security protocols have been developed over the past decades in an attempt to protect the privacy between communicating parties and to reduce the risk of malicious attacks. However, most of the cryptographic algorithms developed so far are based on mathematical models and suffer from many security defects, such as: a brute force attack, factorization problem, and many others. Thus, most of these proposed cryptographic systems are not proven to be completely secure against the main threats of modern networking technologies and computing systems. In this paper, a security framework model for quantum cryptography system which is based on the physical properties of light particles is proposed and all security requirements to assist in ensuring confidentiality between communicating parties are incorporated. The research work in this paper is based on a series of experiments which have been advocated recently by some agencies and researchers who used the quantum technology as a more effective method for solving the key distribution problem. The results of the proposed method is demonstrated and validated by experimental results.
With the measureless, huge and rapid data exchange in network environments and increasing the attackers capabilities, quantity and quality of violations in cyberspace, information security has become the most important process for data storage and communication. Reliability of traditional methods for ensuring confidentiality is questionable, taking into account contemporary threats. Thereby, search of alternative methods and means for security is urgent issue. Significant interest causes quantum cryptography, which do not depend on computing or other capabilities of intruder, uses specific unique properties of quantum particles, and based on the inviolability of quantum physics laws. One of the most advanced quantum cryptography technology is quantum secure direct communication, which can transmit information directly by open channel, but it has only asymptotic security to non-coherent attacks and, certainly requires some methods for security amplification. In this regard, high- speed privaсy amplification method for quantum cryptography protocols was developed. To evaluate the effectiveness of this method was developed a methodology for experimental research, under which comparing of its performance with known method was made. According to the obtained results, the proposed method has a speed faster against analogs at the same level of security against non-coherent attacks.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a critical threat to traditional cryptographic methods grounded in computational complexity. As quantum computers progress, their ability to undermine existing cryptographic systems necessitates the emergence of quantum-safe cryptographic techniques. Quantum cryptography, offering protocols impervious to algorithmic and computational progress, offers a promising solution. However, ensuring the practical implementation of these protocols aligns with theoretical security is essential. This research article aims to enhance the implementation security of quantum cryptography. It focuses on bridging the gap between theoretical security and practical realization of quantum cryptographic protocols. By addressing potential vulnerabilities and side-channel attacks, the research work proposes strategies to fortify system security. The investigation also includes exploring techniques for validating and certifying the security of quantum cryptographic systems. The research questions include identifying vulnerabilities, quantifying information leakage, suggesting hardware and protocol adjustments for improved security, investigating quantum correlations for hardware testing, and collaborating on standards. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, vulnerability identification, leakage quantification, strategy proposal, experimental validation, and partnership for standards. Expected outcomes involve the identification of vulnerabilities, methods to quantify information leakage, proposed strategies, experimentally validated solutions, and contribution to security standards. Ultimately, this research will empower the development of robust quantum cryptographic systems resilient to potential threats. By enhancing quantum cryptography's implementation security, it will facilitate the adoption of quantum-safe cryptographic techniques in the face of evolving quantum computing technologies.
Quantum Cryptography is a novel approach to make the information and network world more secure. Unlike classical cryptography, quantum cryptography ensures the security of communication because it is based on the laws of Quantum Mechanics; a branch of physics that deals with the fundamental behavior of matter and their energies to the levels of subatomic particles. These particles and their intrinsic properties such as photon polarization and entanglement allow us to develop an unbreakable system of cryptographic information. Conventionally, the security has been primarily concerned with the secured distribution of secret key carried over an insecure channel. However, in Quantum Cryptographic systems the transmission of secret key is done using aforementioned laws of nature through a secured quantum channel highly susceptible to intrusion detection. Consequently, the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), in conjunction with protocols such as BB84 protocol has emerged as an ultimate modern secured communication system. This article concentrates on briefly reviewing quantum cryptography, some recent developments and reports of its vulnerabilities.