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Journal of Physics Conference Series

The Simulation of one-time-pad quantum key distribution

M Delina, Bambang Heru Iswanto, Handjoko Permana, Surano Muhasyah

Published Dec 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The quantum key distribution provides a secure information exchange. The system employed a single photon as the messenger. In this study one-time pad (OTP) quantum key distribution provide a key which is use securely. For example, in a war. Therefore, it is not possible to share the secrete key in this condition, but the OTP can be generated several times as long as there is no eavesdropped detected. This paper discusses the simulation of a one-time pad quantum key distribution with event-by-event method.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1402/4/044107

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Abstract The quantum key distribution provides a secure information exchange. The system employed a single photon as the messenger. In this study one-time pad (OTP) quantum key distribution provide a key which is use securely. For example, in a war. Therefore, it is not possible to share the secrete key in this condition, but the OTP can be generated several times as long as there is no eavesdropped detected. This paper discusses the simulation of a one-time pad quantum key distribution with event-by-event method.
Currently many symmetric key cryptographic tools which are known to be quantum-safe. They all share Secret symmetric keys through an untrusted medium which is usually done with public key methods which are prone to quantum attacks. One among the recommended solutions to the key distribution problem is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). QKD utilizes an authenticated Communication channel along with a quantum communication channel so that a secret key is generated. Whatever may be the protocol to implement proposed QKD, they all need both a quantum channel, and an authenticated classical. OTP (One Time Pad) is used when two parties wish to communications have to share a key called pad. This pad is a randomly generated key and the length of the key should be equal to the message so it can be sent. The proposed QKD parameters that result in almost 35.67% smaller keys for quantum security and an implementation of QKD in network which is publicly available and usable in practice.
Among the problems to guarantee secrecy for in-transit information, the difficulties involved in renewing cryptographic keys in a secure way using couriers, the perfect secrecy encryption method known as One-Time-Pad (OTP) became almost obsolete. Pure quantum key distribution (QKD) ideally offers security for key distribution and could revive OTP. However, special networks that may need optical fibers, satellite, relay stations, expensive detection equipment compared with telecom technology and the slow protocol offer powerful obstacles for widespread use of QKD. Classical encryption methods flood the secure communication landscape. Many of them rely its security on historical difficulties such as factoring of large numbers - their alleged security sometimes are presented as the difficulty to brake encryption by brute force. The possibility for a mathematical breakthrough that could make factoring trivial are poorly discussed. This work proposes a solution to bring perfect secrecy to in-transit communication and without the above problems. It shows the key distribution scheme (nicknamed KeyBITS Platform) based on classical signals carrying information but that carry with them recordings of quantum noise. Legitimate users start with a shared information of the coding bases used that gives them an information advantage that allows easy signal recovery. The recorded noise protects the legitimate users and block the attacker's access. This shared information is refreshed at the end of each batch of keys sent providing the secret shared information for the next round. With encryption keys distilled from securely transmitted signals at each round OTP can be revived and at fast speeds.
The One-Time-Pad (OTP) protocol gives unconditional security for the information being encrypted. Correctly implemented, not even an adversary with a quantum computer can crack it. However, the need of sharing in a secure way supplies of symmetric random keys turned the method almost obsolete as a stand-alone method for fast and large volume telecommunication. Basically, this secure sharing of keys and their renewal, once exhausted, had to be done through couriers, in a slow and costly process. This paper presents a solution for this problem providing a fast and unlimited renewal of secure keys: An untappable key distribution system is presented and detailed. This fast key distribution system utilizes two layers of confidentially protection: 1) Physical noise intrinsic to the optical channel that turn the coded signals into stealth signals and 2) Privacy amplification using a bit pool of refreshed entropy run after run, to eliminate any residual information. The resulting level of security is rigorously calculated and demonstrates that the level of information an eavesdropper could obtain is negligible. The random bit sequences, fast and securely distributed, can be used to encrypt text, data or voice.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that offers the means for two geographically separated parties to create a shared, unconditionally secure, secret key. QKD is unique in its ability to detect any third-party eavesdropping on the key exchange. While QKD technology offers promise for securing military communications, QKD systems are built using non-ideal components that differ significantly from ideal theoretical implementations. For this reason, there is a need to accurately and efficiently model and simulate different QKD system configurations in order to evaluate their security and performance characteristics. In this paper, we examine two competing ways of modeling a quantum channel within a QKD system: one treats photon packets as wave packets and the other simply as particles with no regard to wave equations. The performance statistics of these simulation models, including speed, memory, and accuracy, are compared with the physical solution and each other to determine the optimal model for use in the specific context of modeling and simulation of QKD systems. The results reveal that the wave packet method, while being approximately 110 times slower than the particle method for modeling single photons, provides the most accurate simulation protocol required for modeling and simulation of QKD systems.
In quantum key distribution (QKD), public discussion over the authenticated classical channel inevitably leaks information about the raw key to a potential adversary, which must later be mitigated by privacy amplification. To limit this leakage, a one-time pad (OTP) has been proposed to protect message exchanges in various settings. Building on the security proof of Tomamichel and Leverrier, which is based on a non-asymptotic framework and considers the effects of finite resources, we extend the analysis to the OTP-protected scheme. We show that when the OTP key is drawn from the entropy pool of the same QKD session, the achievable quantum key rate is identical to that of the reference protocol with unprotected error-correction exchange. This equivalence holds for a fixed security level, defined via the diamond distance between the real and ideal protocols modeled as completely positive trace-preserving maps. At the same time, the proposed approach reduces the computational requirements: for non-interactive low-density parity-check codes, the encoding problem size is reduced by the square of the syndrome length, while privacy amplification requires less compression. The technique preserves security, avoids the use of QKD keys between sessions, and has the potential to improve performance.
Quantum secure direct communication is the direct communication of secret messages without first producing a shared secret key. It may be used in some urgent circumstances. Here we propose a quantum secure direct communication protocol using single photons. The protocol uses batches of single photons prepared randomly in one of four different states. These single photons serve as a one-time pad which is used directly to encode the secret messages in one communication process. We also show that it is unconditionally secure. The protocol is feasible with present-day technique.