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Modern Physics Letters B

Terahertz polarization-independent electromagnetically-induced transparency structures

Dandan Sun, Limei Qi

Published Mar 27, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two simple polarization-independent electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) metamaterials are numerically and experimentally demonstrated at the terahertz region. The first structure is composed of two metal concentric rings on a substrate, while the second one is composed of one metal ring with a cross in it. The bright–bright coupling behavior appears in the two symmetric polarization-independent EIT structures while it is generally observed in asymmetrically structures. In addition, the large group index is extracted to verify the slow-light effect of the two EIT structures. These simple EIT structures may have potential applications in certain areas, including sensing, slow-light and filtering devices.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984920501705

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Two simple polarization-independent electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) metamaterials are numerically and experimentally demonstrated at the terahertz region. The first structure is composed of two metal concentric rings on a substrate, while the second one is composed of one metal ring with a cross in it. The bright–bright coupling behavior appears in the two symmetric polarization-independent EIT structures while it is generally observed in asymmetrically structures. In addition, the large group index is extracted to verify the slow-light effect of the two EIT structures. These simple EIT structures may have potential applications in certain areas, including sensing, slow-light and filtering devices.
We numerically demonstrate that an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) all-dielectric metamaterial with properties of polarization-independence and incident angle insensitivity can be achieved in terahertz regimes. The metamaterial cell is composed of two bi-air-hole cubes (BCs) with different sizes. The two BCs function as superradiant and subradiant resonators, respectively. Based on Mie-type destructive interferences between dielectric resonators, the EIT effect is induced at around 8.25 THz with the transmission peak close to 0.95. Moreover, the "two-particle" model is introduced to describe the EIT effect and the influence of couplings between the two BCs on the transmission spectra. Analytical results are in good agreement with numerical simulation results. Owing to the symmetry and uniformity of the metamaterial structure, polarization-independent and angle-insensitive properties can be achieved. In addition, the slow light characteristic of the metamaterial is also verified. Such an EIT scheme may have potential applications in low-loss slow light devices and bandpass filters.
The coupling effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for triatomic metamaterials are investigated at terahertz (THz) frequencies both experimentally and theoretically. We observed enhancement and cancellation of EIT with single transparency window, and also two additional ways to achieve double EIT transparency windows. One is from the hybridization between two dark atoms in a bright-dark-dark configuration. Another is from an averaged effect between absorption of the additional bright atom and the EIT from the original diatomic molecule in a bright-bright-dark configuration. It allows us to control EIT and the associated slow-light effect for THz metamaterials with high accuracy. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
We propose a novel mechanism for generating electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a symmetric metamaterial. The proposed metamaterial consists of double nanorod pairs, perpendicular to each other in the form of a 2-by-2 matrix. This metamaterial shows a polarization-independent EIT-like effect without breaking its symmetry. Since conventional plasmonic EIT metamaterials induce transparency in the transparent window through the coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance modes, most of existing structures have asymmetric geometry. This limitation means the EIT-like effect can occur only under a particular linearly polarized incident light. The proposed structure, however, has a simple geometry and polarization independence, so it has the potential to be used in high sensitivity sensors and to slow light in the visible spectral range.
In this Letter, we construct a metamaterial with dual-mode electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like behavior by introducing "bright atoms," "quasi-dark atoms," and "dark atoms" simultaneously. The dual-mode EIT-like behavior has been demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically in terahertz (THz) regime. At two EIT-like modes, slow light is also observed as two time-delayed wave packets, and the effective group refractive index can reach 10(2). Furthermore, stable dual-mode EIT-like behavior is verified in this metamaterial for a wide range of oblique incident angles. Our work provides a design approach to mimic dual-mode EIT, and such an approach may achieve potential applications on miniaturized and versatile THz devices.
In this paper, an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterial with the performances of polarization independence and multi-transmission windows is proposed. First, we design an EIT with a single transmission window, which is composed of an H-shaped structure and two split-ring resonators (SRRs). Then, by sequentially rotating the unit by 90°, a new EIT structure with rotational symmetry is obtained. The results show that the new EIT structure has the characteristics of polarization independence and multiple transmission windows, and each transmission window has a high maximum transmittance and group index. The first transmission window has a maximum group index of 88.9 and 98.9% maximum transmission. The maximum group indices of the second and third transmission windows are 117.9 and 215.3, and the peak transmissions are 89.9% and 97.4%, respectively. The multiple transmission windows with polarization independence widen the application scope of the proposed EIT metamaterial and are suitable for high-performance slow-wave devices with the above two requirements.
Electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect is a promising research area for applications of slow light, sensing and metamaterials. The EIT-like effect is generally formed by the destructive interference of bright-dark mode coupling and bright-bright mode coupling. There are seldom reports about EIT-like effect realized by the coupling of two dark modes. In this paper, we numerically and theoretically demonstrated that the EIT-like effect is achieved through dark-dark mode coupling of two waveguide resonances in a compound nanosystem with metal grating and multilayer structure. If we introduce |1⟩, |2⟩ and |3⟩ to represent the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance, waveguide resonance in layer 2, and waveguide resonance in layer 4, the destructive interference occurs between two pathways of |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩ and |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩→|3⟩→|2⟩, where |0⟩ is the ground state without excitation. Our work will stimulate more studies on EIT-like effect with dark-dark mode coupling in other systems.